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| scientific name | common name(s) | image gallery |
| Picea glauca | White spruce | |
| Pinus resinosa | Red pine Norway pine Canadian pine | |
| Pinus rigida | Pitch pine Torch pine | |
| Pinus strobus | Eastern white pine Weymouth pine | |
| Pinus virginiana | Virginia pine Jersey pine Scrub pine | |
| Polystichum acrostichoides | Christmas fern | |
| Polygonatum biflorum | Smooth Solomon's seal Great Solomon’s-seal Sealwort | |
| Pontederia cordata | Pickerelweed Pickerel Weed | |
| Podophyllum peltatum | Mayapple Indian apple Wild mandrake Pomme de mai Podophylle pelt | |
| Polemonium reptans | Greek valerian Greek-valerian Jacob's Ladder | |
| Populus tremuloides | Quaking aspen Aspen | |
| Prunus serotina | Black cherry Rum cherry | |
| Prunus virginiana | Chokecherry Common chokecherry Choke cherry | |
| Pycnanthemum muticum | Clustered mountainmint | |
| Pycnanthemum virginianum | Virginia mountain mint | |
| Quercus alba | White oak Northern white oak Stave Oak Ridge White Oak Forked-leaf White Oak | |
| Quercus bicolor | Swamp white oak | |
| Quercus coccinea | Scarlet oak Red oak | |
| Quercus macrocarpa | Bur oak Burr oak Savannah oak Overcup oak Prairie oak Mossy-cup oak Mossy-overcup oak Blue oak | |
| Quercus michauxii | Swamp chestnut oak Basket oak Cow oak | |
| Quercus phellos | Willow oak | |
| Quercus prinus | Chestnut oak Rock chestnut oak mountain chestnut oak rock oak tanbark oak | |
| Quercus rubra | Northern red oak | |
| Quercus velutina | Black oak | |
| Ratibida pinnata | Pinnate prairie coneflower Grayhead Mexican hat Yellow coneflower Grayhead coneflower | |
| Rhododendron arborescens | Smooth azalea Sweet azalea | |
| Rhus aromatica | Fragrant sumac Aromatic sumac Lemon sumac Polecat bush | |
| Rhododendron atlanticum | Coastal azalea Dwarf azalea | |
| Rhododendron carolinianum | Carolina azalea Carolina rhododendron Carolina laurel | |
| Rhododendron calendulaceum | Flame azalea | |
| Rhododendron catawbiense | Catawba rosebay Purple rhododendron Red laurel Catawba rhododendron Mountain rosebay | |
| Rhus glabra | Smooth sumac | |
| Rhododendron maximum | Great laurel Wild rhododendron Rosebay rhododendron White laurel Rosebay | |
| Rhododendron periclymenoides | Pink azalea Pinxterbloom azalea Pinxterflower | |
| Rhododendron prunifolium | Plumleaf azalea | |
| Rhus typhina | Staghorn sumac Velvet sumac | |
| Rhododendron vaseyi | Pink-shell azalea Pinkshell azalea | |
| Rhexia virginica | Meadow beauty Handsome Harry | |
| Rhododendron viscosum | Swamp azalea Clammy azalea Cory azalea | |
| Rosa carolina | Carolina rose Pasture rose | |
| Rosa palustris | Swamp rose | |
| Rosa virginiana | Virginia rose | |
| Ruellia humilis | Fringeleaf wild petunia Hairy ruellia Low wild Petunia Low ruellia | |
| Rudbeckia laciniata | Cutleaf coneflower Green-head coneflower Cut-leaf coneflower | |
| Rudbeckia maxima | Giant coneflower Great coneflower Giant Brown-eyed Susan | |
| Sassafras albidum | Sassafras | |
| Sanguinaria canadensis | Bloodroot | |
| Sanguisorba canadensis | Canadian burnet American burnet | |
| Salix discolor | Pussy willow Glaucous willow | |
| Sagittaria latifolia | Broadleaf arrowhead Arrowhead Duckroot Duck-potato Wapato | |
| Salix nigra | Black willow Gulf black willow | |
| Sarracenia purpurea | Purple pitcherplant Northern Pitcher-plant | |
| Saxifraga virginiensis | Early saxifrage | |
| Scirpus cyperinus | Woolgrass Cottongrass bulrush Marsh bulrush Teddybear paws | |
| Scutellaria incana | Hoary skullcap Downy skullcap | |
| Scutellaria ovata | Heartleaf skullcap Heart-leaf Skullcap | |
| Schizachyrium scoparium | Little bluestem | |
| Sedum glaucophyllum | Cliff stonecrop | |
| Sedum ternatum | Woodland stonecrop Wild stonecrop | |
| Sisyrinchium angustifolium | Narrowleaf blue-eyed grass Narrow-leaf blue-eyed-grass Bermuda blue-eyed grass Blue-eyed grass | |
| Silene caroliniana | Sticky catchfly Wild pink | |
| Silphium perfoliatum | Cup plant | |
| Silene regia | Royal catchfly | |
| Silene virginica | Fire pink Scarlet catchfly | |
| Sorbus americana | American mountain ash American mountain-ash | |
| Solidago bicolor | White goldenrod Silverrod | |
| Solidago caesia | Wreath goldenrod Blue-stemmed goldenrod Bluestem goldenrod | |
| Solidago flexicaulis | Zigzag goldenrod Broadleaf goldenrod | |
| Sorghastrum nutans | Indiangrass Yellow indian grass | |
| Solidago rugosa | Wrinkleleaf goldenrod Wrinkle-leaf goldenrod Rough-leaved goldenrod Roughleaf goldenrod Rough-stemmed goldenrod Roughstem goldenrod | |
| Solidago speciosa | Showy goldenrod | |
| Spiraea betulifolia | White spirea | |
| Sporobolus heterolepis | Prairie dropseed | |
| Spiranthes odorata | Marsh lady's tresses Fragrant lady's tresses | |
| Styrax americanus | American snowbell American snowbells American silverbells Big-leaf snowbell Storax | |
| Stylophorum diphyllum | Celandine poppy Yellow wood poppy | |
| Symphoricarpos albus | Common snowberry | |
| Symphyotrichum divaricatum | Southern annual saltmarsh aster Lawn American-aster White wood aster Saltmarsh aster | |
| Symphyotrichum laeve | Smooth blue aster | |
| Symphyotrichum novae-angliae | New England aster New England American-aster | |
| Symphyotrichum novi-belgii | New York aster | |
| Symphyotrichum oblongifolium | Aromatic aster Aromatic American aster Fall aster Wild blue aster | |
| Symphoricarpos occidentalis | Western snowberry Wolfberry | |
| Symphyotrichum puniceum | Purplestem aster Purple-stemmed Aster | |
| Symphyotrichum puniceum var. puniceum | Purplestem aster Red-stem aster Swamp aster | |
| Thuja occidentalis | Arborvitae Eastern arborvitae Northern white cedar | |
| Trillium cuneatum | Little sweet Betsy | |
| Trillium erectum | Red trillium Stinking-Benjamin Wakerobin Purple trillium | |
| Tridens flavus | Purpletop tridens Redtop tridens Tall redtop tridens Purpletop Redtop Tall redtop | |
| Trillium grandiflorum | Large-flower wakerobin Large-flowered trillium White trillium | |
| Tradescantia ohiensis | Bluejacket Ohio spiderwort | |
| Trillium sessile | Toadshade Red trillium Wake-robin | |
| Trillium undulatum | Painted trillium Painted wakerobin | |
| Tradescantia virginiana | Virginia spiderwort Spider lily | |
| Tsuga canadensis | Eastern hemlock | |
| Ulmus americana | American elm White elm | |
| Uvularia grandiflora | Largeflower bellwort Large-flower bellwort Merrybells | |
| Vaccinium angustifolium | Late lowbush blueberry Lowbush blueberry | |
| Vaccinium corymbosum | Highbush blueberry | |
| Vernonia noveboracensis | New York ironweed | |
| scientific name | common name(s) | image gallery |