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| scientific name | common name(s) | image gallery |
| Phlox drummondii | Annual phlox Phlox Drummond phlox | |
| Phyla nodiflora | Texas frogfruit Turkey tangle fogfruit Frogfruit | |
| Physalis viscosa | Starhair groundcherry Yellow Ground Cherry | |
| Pinaropappus roseus | White rock lettuce White dandelion Pink dandelion | |
| Plantago helleri | Heller's plantain | |
| Plantago rhodosperma | Redseed plantain Red-seeded Plantain | |
| Polanisia dodecandra | Clammyweed Redwhisker clammyweed | |
| Polygala lindheimeri | Shrubby milkwort Purple milkwort | |
| Polygonum pensylvanicum | Pennsylvania smartweed Pink Smartweed | |
| Portulaca pilosa | Chisme Kiss me quick | |
| Polytaenia texana | Texas prairie parsley Texas-Parsley | |
| Proboscidea louisianica | Devil's claw Ram's horn Unicorn plant Proboscis flower | |
| Ptelea trifoliata | Wafer ash Common hoptree Hop tree | |
| Ratibida columnifera | Mexican hat Prairie coneflower Upright prairie coneflower Red-spike mexican-hat Long-headed coneflower Thimbleflower | |
| Ranunculus sceleratus | Cursed buttercup | |
| Rhus aromatica | Fragrant sumac Aromatic sumac Lemon sumac Polecat bush | |
| Rhynchospora colorata | Starrush whitetop Star sedge White-topped sedge Whitetop sedge | |
| Rhus lanceolata | Prairie flameleaf sumac Flame-leaf sumac Prairie sumac Lance-leaf sumac | |
| Rhynchosida physocalyx | Bladderpod sida Buffpetal | |
| Rhynchosia senna var. texana | Texas Snout-bean Texas snoutbean | |
| Rudbeckia hirta | Black-eyed Susan Common black-eyed Susan Brown-eyed Susan | |
| Ruellia humilis | Fringeleaf wild petunia Hairy ruellia Low wild Petunia Low ruellia | |
| Ruellia metziae | Metz Wild Petunia Metz's wild petunia Wild White Petunia | |
| Ruellia nudiflora | Violet ruellia Common wild petunia Violet wild petunia Wild petunia | |
| Rubus trivialis | Dewberry Southern dewberry | |
| Sabatia campestris | Texas star Rose gentian Meadow pink Prairie rose-gentian Prairie sabatia | |
| Salvia coccinea | Scarlet Sage Tropical Sage Blood sage | |
| Samolus ebracteatus ssp. cuneatus | Limerock Brookweed Limewater brookweed | |
| Salvia farinacea | Mealy blue sage Mealy sage Mealycup sage | |
| Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis | Common elderberry Black elder Mexican elderberry Common elder Elderberry Tapiro Sauco | |
| Salvia texana | Texas sage Blue sage | |
| Samolus valerandi ssp. parviflorus | Seaside brookweed Water Pimpernel Thin-leaf Brookweed | |
| Scutellaria drummondii | Drummond's skullcap | |
| Schoenocaulon texanum | Green Lily Texas feathershank Texas Sabadilla | |
| Sesbania drummondii | Poisonbean Rattlebush Rattlebox | |
| Setaria parviflora | Marsh bristlegrass Knotroot bristlegrass | |
| Sisyrinchium biforme | Wiry blue-eyed grass | |
| Simsia calva | Awnless bush sunflower Bush sunflower | |
| Sisyrinchium chilense | Sword-leaf Blue-eyed Grass Swordleaf blue-eyed grass | |
| Sida longipes | Stockflower fanpetals | |
| Silphium radula | Roughstem rosinweed | |
| Solidago altissima | Tall Goldenrod Late goldenrod Canadian goldenrod Canada goldenrod | |
| Solanum dimidiatum | Western horsenettle Western Horse-Nettle | |
| Solidago nemoralis | Gray goldenrod Prairie goldenrod Old field goldenrod | |
| Solanum ptycanthum | Eastern Black Nightshade West Indian Nightshade Common Nightshade Black Nightshade | |
| Solanum rostratum | Buffalobur nightshade Buffalo bur | |
| Stellaria prostrata | Prostrate starwort | |
| Stillingia texana | Texas Queen's Delight Queen's Delight Texas toothleaf | |
| Taraxacum officinale | Common dandelion Blowball Dandelion Faceclock | |
| Teucrium canadense | Canada germander American germander Canadian germander Germander Hairy germander Wood sage | |
| scientific name | common name(s) | image gallery |