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Pontederia cordata
Pontederia cordata L.
Pickerelweed, Pickerel Rush
Pontederiaceae (Water-Hyacinth Family)
Synonym(s): Pontederia cordata var. angustifolia, Pontederia cordata var. lanceolata, Pontederia cordata var. lancifolia, Pontederia lanceolata
USDA Symbol: poco14
USDA Native Status: L48 (N), CAN (N)
The large pickerelweed plant produces 1 spike of small flowers. The plant is often 3+ feet tall, with long, heart-shaped leaves. The flower stem rises above the leaves except 1 leaf that grows behind the flowers. The deep blue to mauve flowers are on a spike about 6 inches long and bloom in succession from the bottom up, prolonging the flowering period for several days.
This emergent aquatic, with its leaves and flowers above water and portions of the stem under water, is found typically in shallow, quiet water. Deer feed on these plants. The common name suggests that this plant, as well as the fish known as pickerel, occupy the same habitat.
Plant Characteristics
Duration: PerennialHabit: Herb
Size Notes: Up to about 4 feet tall.
Leaf: Green
Fruit: Utricles.
Bloom Information
Bloom Color: Blue , PurpleBloom Time: Mar , Apr , May , Jun , Jul , Aug , Sep , Oct , Nov
Bloom Notes: Deep blue to mauve.
Distribution
USA: AL , AR , CT , DC , DE , FL , GA , IA , IL , IN , KS , KY , LA , MA , MD , ME , MI , MN , MO , MS , NC , NH , NJ , NY , OH , OK , OR , PA , RI , SC , TN , TX , VA , VT , WI , WVCanada: NB , NS , ON , PE , QC
Native Distribution: Ontario to Nova Scotia and New England; south to northern Florida; west to Missouri and Oklahoma; north to Minnesota.
Native Habitat: In marshes and ditches in shallow water of east Texas. Grows in mud, up to a foot under water.
Growing Conditions
Water Use: HighLight Requirement: Sun , Part Shade
Soil Moisture: Moist , Wet
CaCO3 Tolerance: Medium
Soil Description: Sandy, Sandy Loam, Medium Loam, Clay, Clay Loam, Mud
Conditions Comments: A true pond plant, pickerelweed is easy to grow so long as it does not dry out. The hyacinth-like flowers continue to bloom through the summer. Regularly divide the plant to keep it from growing too large. Pickerelweed provides nectar for bees and butterflies. Good for wetland gardens and habitat.
Benefit
Use Ornamental: Water garden, Bog or pond areaUse Wildlife: Seeds eaten by waterfowl. Attracts dragonflies.
Use Food: Pickerelweed has often been used for food. Each fruit contains a nutritious, starchy seed that can be eaten straight from the plant or dried and added to granola and other cereals. The dried seeds can also be boiled, roasted to improve flavour or ground into flour. The young leaves have sometimes been eaten raw in salads or boiled and served with butter. (Kershaw)
Conspicuous Flowers: yes
Attracts: Birds
Deer Resistant: Minimal
Propagation
Commercially Avail: yesFind Seed or Plants
Find seed sources for this species at the Native Seed Network.
National Wetland Indicator Status
Region: | AGCP | AK | AW | CB | EMP | GP | HI | MW | NCNE | WMVE |
Status: | OBL | OBL | OBL | OBL | OBL | OBL | OBL |
From the National Organizations Directory
According to the species list provided by Affiliate Organizations, this plant is on display at the following locations:Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - Austin, TX
Texas Discovery Gardens - Dallas, TX
Delaware Nature Society - Hockessin, DE
Crosby Arboretum - Picayune, MS
Native Seed Network - Corvallis, OR
Bibliography
Bibref 1620 - Gardening with Native Plants of the South (Reprint Edition) (2009) Wasowski, S. with A. WasowskiBibref 765 - McMillen's Texas Gardening: Wildflowers (1998) Howard, D.
Bibref 841 - Native Alternatives to Invasive Plants (2006) Burrell, C. C.
Bibref 318 - Native Texas Plants: Landscaping Region by Region (2002) Wasowski, S. & A. Wasowski
Bibref 248 - Texas Wildflowers: A Field Guide (1984) Loughmiller, C. & L. Loughmiller
Bibref 1294 - The Midwestern Native Garden: Native Alternatives to Nonnative Flowers and Plants An Illustrated Guide (2011) Adelman, Charlotte and Schwartz, Bernard L.
Bibref 328 - Wildflowers of Texas (2003) Ajilvsgi, Geyata.
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Web Reference
Webref 38 - Flora of North America (2019) Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.Webref 23 - Southwest Environmental Information Network (2009) SEINet - Arizona Chapter
Research Literature
Reslit 254 - Nitrogen and Phosphorous Removal by Ornamental and Wetland Plants in a Greenhouse Recirculation Research System (2009) Y. Chen, R. P. Bracy, A. D. Owings and D. J. Merha...Reslit 501 - Comparison of torpedograss and pickerelweed susceptibility to glyphosate (2004) L. A. Gettys and D. L. Sutton
Reslit 324 - Response of exotics to restored hydroperiod at Dupuis Reserve, Florida (1999) P. G. David
Reslit 564 - Comparison of experimental strategies to control torpedograss (2000) C. G. Hanlon and K. Langeland
Reslit 566 - The Energy Cost of Bee Pollination for Pontederia cordata (Pontederiaceae) (1992) L. D. Harder and S. C. H. Barrett
Reslit 771 - Effects of three ALS-inhibitors on five emergent native plant species in Florida (2007) T. J. Koschnick, M. D. Netherland and W. T. Haller
Reslit 1097 - Nutrient recovery by seven aquatic garden plants in a laboratory-scale subsurface-constructed wetland (2007) R. F. Polomski, D. G. Bielenberg, T. Whitwell, M. ...
Reslit 1401 - Restoration Response of Relict Broadleaf Marshes to Increased Water Depths (2010) L. A. Toth
Reslit 1631 - Comparative floral anatomy of Pontederiaceae (2004) A. Strange, P. J. Rudall and C. J. Prychid
Reslit 1685 - The function and adaptive significance of tristyly in Pontederia cordata L. (Pontederiaceae) (1984) S. D. Price and S. C. H. Barrett
This information was provided by the Florida WIldflower Foundation.
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Additional resources
USDA: Find Pontederia cordata in USDA PlantsFNA: Find Pontederia cordata in the Flora of North America (if available)
Google: Search Google for Pontederia cordata
Metadata
Record Modified: 2023-02-23Research By: TWC Staff