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Viola ×viarum

Viola ×viarum Pollard

Twoflower Hybrid Violet, Wayside Violet

Violaceae (Violet family)

Synonym(s): Viola viarum

USDA Symbol: VIVI10

USDA Native Status: L48 (N)

"Glabrous, growing in large clumps from a stout rootstock which becomes greatly elongated in loose soil; leaves firm, thick- petioled, the blades rugose-veined, broadly ovate or reniform in outline, becoming 7-13 cm. wide, some undivided, merely dentate or coarsely serrate, mostly cleft or divided to below the middle into 5 or 7 incised lobes, the base strongly decurrent; flowers blue; sepals lanceolate, acute; capsules abundant, those from the petaliferous flowers oval, prismatic, 8-16 mm. long, on erect peduncles, those from the cleistogamous flowers oblong, smaller, ascending or erect. Open ground along roads..." (Bibref:1806)

Hybrid progeny of Viola missouriensis or V. nephrophylla and V. pedatifida. (Webref: 27).

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Plant Characteristics

Duration: Perennial
Habit: Herb
Leaf Complexity: Simple
Fruit Type: Capsule
Size Notes: Up to about 1 foot tall.
Leaf: "...leaves firm, thick- petioled, the blades rugose-veined, broadly ovate or reniform in outline, becoming 7-13 cm. wide, some undivided, merely dentate or coarsely serrate, mostly cleft or divided to below the middle into 5 or 7 incised lobes, the base strongly decurrent;" (Bibref:1806).
Flower: "... flowers blue; sepals lanceolate, acute; capsules abundant, those from the petaliferous flowers oval, prismatic, 8-16 mm. long, on erect peduncles, those from the cleistogamous flowers oblong, smaller, ascending or erect." (Bibref:1806)

Bloom Information

Bloom Color: Blue
Bloom Time: Mar , Apr , May , Jun

Distribution

USA: AR , IA , IL , KS , KY , LA , MO , NE , NM , OK , SD
Native Habitat: "Open ground along roads..." (Bibref:1806)

National Wetland Indicator Status

Region:	AGCP	AK	AW	CB	EMP	GP	HI	MW	NCNE	WMVE
Status:	FACU		FACU		FACU	FACU		FACU

This information is derived from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers National Wetland Plant List, Version 3.1 (Lichvar, R.W. 2013. The National Wetland Plant List: 2013 wetland ratings. Phytoneuron 2013-49: 1-241). Click here for map of regions.

Bibliography

Bibref 1806 - Manual of the Flora of the northern States and Canada (1901) Britton, Nathaniel Lord

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Web Reference

Webref 38 - Flora of North America (2019) Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
Webref 6 - Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database] (2018) USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Webref 23 - Southwest Environmental Information Network (2009) SEINet - Arizona Chapter
Webref 27 - USDA Plants Database (2018) USDA, NRCS.

Additional resources

USDA: Find Viola �viarum in USDA Plants
FNA: Find Viola �viarum in the Flora of North America (if available)
Google: Search Google for Viola �viarum

Metadata

Record Modified: 2023-01-03
Research By: Joseph A. Marcus

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