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Erythranthe arvensis

Erythranthe arvensis (Greene)�G.L.Nesom

Villous-bracted Monkeyflower

Phrymaceae (Lopseed Family)

Synonym(s): Mimulus arvensis, Mimulus guttatus ssp. arvensis, Mimulus guttatus ssp. micranthus, Mimulus guttatus var. arvensis, Mimulus langsdorffii var. arvensis, Mimulus longulus, Mimulus micranthus, Mimulus nasutus var. micranthus

USDA Symbol: ERAR34

USDA Native Status: L48 (N), AK (N), CAN (N)

"Annuals, taprooted or fibrous-rooted, sometimes rooting at proximal cauline nodes if decumbent. Stems erect to decumbent-ascending, simple or branched from proximal to medial nodes, usually 4-angled, fistulose to very narrow, 5-70 cm, glabrous, sometimes minutely hirtellous in inflorescence, hairs deflexed, eglandular." (Webref: 38).

"Erythranthe arvensis usually is easily recognized, characterized by its annual duration (but commonly rooting at proximal cauline nodes, suggestive of a rhizomatous habit), glabrous stems with nodes relatively few and remotely spaced, depressed-ovate leaves with margins often sublyrate (lacerate-lobed to subpinnatifid) at the base, distal leaves and bracts densely villous with vitreous eglandular hairs, other leaves glabrous, and corollas varying in size from relatively small but perhaps chasmogamous (the type of Mimulus arvensis) to even smaller (cleistogamous; the type of M. micranthus). The breeding system is consistently autogamous. The relatively short and even-sized calyx lobes that do not turn upward to close the orifice have been considered diagnostic of E. arvensis. This feature is evident in some plants, but others (perhaps reflecting gene flow from other species) have a longer adaxial calyx lobe and abaxial lobes that turn upward variably." (Webref: 38).

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Plant Characteristics

Duration: Annual
Habit: Herb
Root Type: Fibrous , Tap
Leaf Shape: Oblong , Ovate
Leaf Venation: Palmate
Leaf Pubescence: Glabrous
Leaf Margin: Dentate , Denticulate
Size Notes: Up to about 28 inches tall.
Leaf: "Leaves basal and cauline or basal not persistent, often largest at mid stem or above, reduced in size distally; petiole 3-20(-90) mm, distals 0 mm; blade palmately 3-5-veined, ovate to orbicular, orbicular-ovate, oblong-ovate, or (middle and distal cauline) broadly orbicular to depressed-ovate or nearly reniform, (5-)10-35(-45) x 6-26(-50) mm, distal closely paired, auriculate-subclasping, base rounded to truncate, subcordate, or shallowly cordate, margins denticulate or subentire to distinctly dentate, on larger plants proximal characteristically lacerate-lobed to pinnatifid at margin base, apex rounded, surfaces glabrous except for bracts densely villous abaxially, sometimes also adaxially, hairs long, sometimes vitreous, flattened, eglandular, multicellular. " (Webref: 38).
Flower: "Flowers plesiogamous, 3-8(-16), from remote distal nodes, chasmogamous or cleistogamous. Fruiting pedicels 5-40(-90) mm, longer than subtending leaves, glabrous. Fruiting calyces red-dotted or not, ovate-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, (7-)9-14 mm, minutely hirtellous, throat closing or not, remaining open, lobes upcurving weakly, adaxial lobe not distinctly longer than abaxial, not falcate. Corollas yellow, usually red-spotted, weakly bilaterally or nearly radially symmetric, weakly bilabiate or nearly regular; tube-throat cylindric-funnelform, (7-)8-12 mm, exserted (0-)1-2(-3) mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 5-10 mm. Styles glabrous. Anthers included, glabrous. " (Webref: 38).
Fruit: "Capsules included, stipitate, (5-)6-7 mm." (Webref: 38).

Bloom Information

Bloom Color: Red , Yellow
Bloom Time: Apr , May , Jun , Jul
Bloom Notes: "Phenology: Flowering Apr-Jun(-Jul)."� (Webref: 38).

Distribution

USA: CA , ID , MT , NV , OR , UT , WA , WY
Canada: BC
Native Distribution: Western Canada south to Baja California, Mexico.
Native Habitat: "Hills, ridges, clay banks, stream banks, moist woods. Elevation: 30-1900(-2300) m." (Webref: 38).

Growing Conditions

Light Requirement: Part Shade
Soil Moisture: Moist
CaCO3 Tolerance: Medium
Soil Description: Moist soils.

Benefit

Conspicuous Flowers: yes

From the National Organizations Directory

According to the species list provided by Affiliate Organizations, this plant is on display at the following locations:

Santa Barbara Botanic Garden - Santa Barbara, CA

Web Reference

Webref 38 - Flora of North America (2019) Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.

Additional resources

USDA: Find Erythranthe arvensis in USDA Plants
FNA: Find Erythranthe arvensis in the Flora of North America (if available)
Google: Search Google for Erythranthe arvensis

Metadata

Record Modified: 0000-00-00
Research By: Joseph A. Marcus

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