Gulf Marshes and PrairiesThe Gulf Marshes, covering approximately 500,000 acres, are on a narrow strip of lowlands adjacent to the coast and the barrier islands (e.g., Padre Island), which extend from Mexico to Louisiana. The Gulf Prairies, about 9 million acres, include the nearly flat plain extending 30 to 80 miles inland from the Gulf Marshes. The Gulf Marshes are a low, wet, marshy coastal area, commonly covered with saline water, and range from sea level to a few feet in elevation. The Gulf Prairies are nearly level and virtually undissected plains having slow surface drainage and elevations from sea level to 250 feet. Soils of the Gulf Marshes are dark, poorly drained sandy loams and clays, and light neutral sands, typically showing little textural change with depth. The loamy and clayey soils are commonly saline and sodic. Prairie soils are dark, neutral to slightly acid clay loams and clays in the northeastern parts. Further south in the subhumid Coastal Bend, the soils are less acidic. A narrow band of light acid sands and darker loamy to clayey soils stretches along the coast. Inland from the dark clayey soils is a narrow belt of lighter acid fine sandy loam soils with gray to brown, and red mottled subsoils. Soils of the river bottomlands and broad deltaic plains are reddish brown to dark gray, slightly acid to calcareous, loamy to clayey alluvial. |
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Scientific Name | Common Name | Duration | Habit | Sun | Water |
Abronia fragrans | Fragrant Sand-verbena, Snowball Sand Verbena, Sweet Sand-verbena, Prairie Snowball, Sand Verbena, Heart's Delight | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Acer floridanum | Southern Sugar Maple, Florida Maple, Caddo Maple, Rock Maple | Perennial | Tree | Part-shade | Dry |
Acer negundo | Box Elder, Box Elder Maple, Ash-leaved Maple, Ashleaf Maple, Red River Maple, Fresno De Guajuco | Perennial | Tree | Sun | Moist |
Acer rubrum var. drummondii | Drummond's Maple, Drummond Red Maple, Swamp Maple | Perennial | Tree | Part-shade | Wet, Moist |
Achillea millefolium | Common Yarrow, Western Yarrow, Yarrow, Milfoil | Perennial | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Dry |
Adiantum capillus-veneris | Southern Maidenhair Fern, Common Maidenhair Fern, Maidenhair Fern, Venus Hair Fern | Perennial | Fern | Shade, Part-shade | Wet, Moist |
Aesculus pavia var. flavescens | Texas Yellow Buckeye, Yellow Woolly Buckeye, Pale Buckeye, Plateau Yellow Buckeye | Perennial | Shrub, Tree | Part-shade | Moist |
Aesculus pavia var. pavia | Scarlet Buckeye, Red Buckeye, Southern Buckeye, Firecracker Plant | Perennial | Shrub, Tree | Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Allium canadense var. canadense | Meadow Garlic, Wild Onion, Canada Onion | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Allium canadense var. mobilense | Meadow Garlic, Wild Onion | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Allium coryi | Yellowflower Onion, Yellow-flowered Onion | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Allium drummondii | Drummond's Onion, Wild Garlic, Drummond Wild Onion | Perennial | Herb | Sun | Dry |
Alophia drummondii | Propeller Flower, Purple Pleat-leaf, Pinewoods Lily, Prairie Iris, Pleatleaf Iris | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Aloysia gratissima | Whitebrush, Bee-brush, White-brush, Common Bee-brush, Beebrush, Privet Lippia | Perennial | Shrub | Sun, Part-shade | Moist |
Amblyolepis setigera | Huisache Daisy, Butterfly Daisy, Honey Daisy | Annual | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Amorpha fruticosa | Indigo Bush, False Indigo Bush, False Indigo, Desert False Indigo | Perennial | Shrub | Sun, Part-shade | Moist |
Ampelopsis cordata | Heartleaf Peppervine, Heart-leaf Ampelopsis | Perennial | Vine | Part-shade | Dry |
Amsonia illustris | Ozark Bluestar, Showy Blue-star, Missouri Blue Star, Swamp Bluestar | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Moist |
Amyris texana | Texas Torchwood, Chapotillo | Perennial | Shrub | Part-shade | Dry |
Andropogon gerardii | Big Bluestem, Tall Bluestem, Turkeyfoot | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Sun, Part-shade | Moist |
Andropogon glomeratus | Bushy Bluestem, Brushy Bluestem | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Sun | Wet, Moist |
Andropogon ternarius | Splitbeard Bluestem, Split Bluestem | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Sun, Part-shade | Dry |
Andropogon virginicus | Broomsedge, Broomsedge Bluestem, Yellowsedge Bluestem, Whiskey Grass, Popotillo Pajon | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Part-shade | Moist |
Aphanostephus skirrhobasis | Lazy Daisy, Arkansas Lazy Daisy, Arkansas Doze-daisy | Annual | Herb | Sun | Dry |
Argemone mexicana | Mexican Prickly Poppy, Mexican Prickly Poppy, Yellow Prickly Poppy | Annual | Herb | Sun | Dry |
Aristolochia serpentaria | Virginia Snakeroot, Virginia Dutchmanspipe | Perennial | Herb | Shade | Dry |
Aristolochia tomentosa | Woolly Dutchman's Pipe, Common Dutchman's Pipe | Perennial | Vine | Part-shade | Moist |
Asimina parviflora | Smallflower Pawpaw, Small-flower Pawpaw, Dwarf Pawpaw | Perennial | Shrub | Part-shade | |
Asimina triloba | Pawpaw, Common Pawpaw, Custard Apple, Indian Banana, Wild Banana | Perennial | Tree | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Moist |
Asplenium platyneuron | Ebony Spleenwort | Perennial | Fern | Shade, Part-shade | Moist |
Athyrium filix-femina ssp. asplenioides | Southern Lady Fern | Perennial | Fern | Part-shade | Wet, Moist |
Avicennia germinans | Black Mangrove | Perennial | Shrub | Sun | Moist |
Baccharis halimifolia | Groundseltree, Sea-myrtle, Consumptionweed, Eastern Baccharis, Groundsel, Groundsel Bush, Salt Marsh-elder, Salt Bush, Florida Groundsel Bush | Perennial | Shrub | Part-shade | Wet |
Baccharis neglecta | False Willow, Jara Dulce, Poverty Weed, Roosevelt Weed | Perennial | Shrub | Part-shade | Dry |
Batis maritima | Turtleweed, Seaside Saltwort | Perennial | Shrub | Sun | Moist |
Berlandiera pumila | Soft Greeneyes | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Borrichia frutescens | Bushy Seaside Tansy, Ox-eye Daisy, Sea Daisy, Sea Ox-eye | Perennial | Shrub | Sun | Moist |
Bothriochloa barbinodis | Pinhole Bluestem, Cane Bluestem, Cane Beardgrass, Feather Bluestem, Plains Beardgrass | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Sun | Dry |
Bouteloua curtipendula | Sideoats Grama, Banderilla, Banderita, Navajita | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Sun, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Bouteloua dactyloides | Buffalograss, Buffalo Grass | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Sun | Dry |
Bouteloua hirsuta | Hairy Grama | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Part-shade | Dry |
Bouteloua rigidiseta | Texas Grama | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Sun | Dry |
Callirhoe involucrata | Winecup, Purple Poppy Mallow | Perennial | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Callisia micrantha | Cherisse, Little-flower Roseling, Southern Coastal Roseling, Little-flower Spiderwort | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Calylophus berlandieri ssp. pinifolius | Berlandier's Sundrops, Square-bud Primrose, Sundrops, Square-bud Day-primrose | Perennial | Shrub | Part-shade | Dry |
Calylophus hartwegii | Hartweg's Sundrops, Western Primrose | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Campsis radicans | Trumpet Creeper, Trumpet Vine, Common Trumpet Creeper, Cow Vine, Foxglove Vine, Hellvine, Devil's Shoestring | Perennial | Vine | Sun | Moist, Dry |
Carya illinoinensis | Pecan | Perennial | Tree | Sun | Moist |
Carya ovata | Shagbark Hickory, Carolina Hickory, Scalybark Hickory, Upland Hickory, Shellbark Hickory | Perennial | Tree | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Carya texana | Black Hickory, Buckley Hickory, Pignut Hickory | Perennial | Tree | Part-shade | Dry |
Castanea pumila | Allegheny Chinquapin, Allegheny Chinkapin, Chinquapin, Chinkapin | Perennial | Shrub | Part-shade | Dry |
Castela erecta ssp. texana | Texan Goatbush, Goat-bush, Allthorn Goatbush, Amargoso | Perennial | Shrub | Part-shade | Dry |
Castilleja indivisa | Texas Indian Paintbrush, Entireleaf Indian Paintbrush, Texas Paintbrush, Indian Paintbrush, Scarlet Paintbrush | Annual | Herb | Sun | Dry |
Ceanothus americanus | New Jersey Tea, Redroot | Perennial | Shrub | Sun, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Celtis ehrenbergiana | Desert Hackberry, Spiny Hackberry, Shiny Hackberry, Granjeno, Huasteco | Perennial | Shrub | Sun, Part-shade | Dry |
Celtis laevigata | Sugar Hackberry, Texas Sugarberry, Sugarberry, Southern Hackberry, Lowland Hackberry, Hackberry, Palo Blanco | Perennial | Tree | Part-shade | Dry |
Centaurea americana | American Basket-flower, American Star-thistle, Basket-flower, Star Thistle, Shaving Brush, Basket Flower | Annual | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Dry |
Cephalanthus occidentalis | Common Buttonbush, Buttonbush, Button Willow, Honey Bells, Honeybells, Honey Balls, Honeyballs, Button-bush | Perennial | Shrub | Shade, Part-shade | Wet, Moist |
Cercis canadensis var. canadensis | Eastern Redbud | Perennial | Tree | Part-shade | Dry |
Chamaecrista fasciculata | Partridge Pea, Sleepingplant, Sensitive Plant | Annual | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Chasmanthium latifolium | Inland Sea Oats, Indian Wood Oats, Wild Oats, River Oats, Flathead Oats, Upland Oats, Upland Sea Oats | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Shade, Part-shade | Moist |
Chloris virgata | Feather Fingergrass, Showy Chloris | Annual | Grass/Grass-like | Part-shade | Dry |
Chromolaena odorata | Blue Mistflower, Fragrant Mistflower, Blue Boneset, Fragrant Boneset, Jack In The Bush, Crucita, Siam Weed, Common Flossflower, Christmas Bush, Devilweed | Perennial | Subshrub | Part-shade | Dry |
Cirsium texanum | Texas Thistle | Biennial | Herb | Sun | Dry |
Cladium mariscus ssp. jamaicense | Jamaica Swamp Sawgrass, Jamaican Saw-grass, Saw-grass | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Sun, Part-shade | Wet, Moist |
Clematis crispa | Swamp Leatherflower, Curly Clematis, Blue-jasmine, Curlflower, Curly Virgin's Bower, Marsh Clematis | Perennial | Vine | Sun, Part-shade | Wet, Moist |
Clematis pitcheri | Purple Leatherflower, Purple Clematis, Leatherflower, Bluebill, Bellflower Clematis, Pitcher's Clematis | Perennial | Vine | Sun, Part-shade | Moist |
Cocculus carolinus | Carolina Snailseed, Carolina Coralbead, Carolina Moonseed, Red Berried Moonseed, Carolina Red Berried Moonseed | Perennial | Vine | Part-shade | Moist |
Cooperia drummondii | Evening Rain Lily, Evening Star Rain Lily | Perennial | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Cooperia pedunculata | Hill Country Rain Lily, Prairie Lily, Rain Lily, Flor De Mayo | Perennial | Herb | Sun | Moist |
Coreopsis tinctoria | Plains Coreopsis, Golden Tickseed, Goldenwave, Calliopsis | Annual | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Moist |
Cornus drummondii | Roughleaf Dogwood, Drummond's Dogwood, Rough-leaf Dogwood | Perennial | Tree | Shade, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Crataegus viridis | Green Hawthorn, Southern Hawthorn | Perennial | Shrub, Tree | Part-shade | Wet |
Crinum americanum | American Crinum Lily, Seven Sisters, Swamp Lily, Southern Swamp Lily, String Lily, Crinum Lily | Perennial | Shrub | Part-shade | Wet |
Cyrilla racemiflora | Titi, Swamp Titi, Black Titi, White Titi, Red Titi, Leatherwood, Swamp Cyrilla, American Cyrilla, Burnwood Bark, Palo Colorado | Perennial | Tree | Part-shade | Wet |
Datura wrightii | Jimsonweed, Sacred Thorn-apple, Thorn-apple, Angel Trumpet, Sacred Datura, Western Jimson Weed | Annual | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Dry |
Delphinium carolinianum ssp. vimineum | Carolina Larkspur, Prairie Larkspur | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Desmanthus illinoensis | Illinois Bundleflower, Bundleflower, Prairie Bundle Flower, Prickleweed, Illinois Desmanthus, Prairie Mimosa | Perennial | Shrub | Sun | Moist |
Digitaria californica | Arizona Cottontop, California Cottontop, California Crab Grass, Cottontop | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Part-shade | Dry |
Diospyros virginiana | Common Persimmon, Eastern Persimmon, Possumwood, Date Plum, Winter Plum, Jove's Fruit | Perennial | Tree | Part-shade | Dry |
Dracopis amplexicaulis | Clasping Coneflower, Clasping-leaf Coneflower | Annual | Herb | Part-shade | Moist |
Echeandia chandleri | Chandler's Craglily, Lila De Los Llanos | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Echinacea pallida | Pale Purple Coneflower, Pale Coneflower | Perennial | Herb | Sun | Moist, Dry |
Echinacea purpurea | Eastern Purple Coneflower, Purple Coneflower | Perennial | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Dry |
Elionurus tripsacoides | Pan American Balsamscale, Balsamscale | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Sun | Dry |
Elymus canadensis | Canada Wild Rye, Canadian Wildrye, Prairie Wildrye, Nodding Wildrye | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Sun, Part-shade | Moist |
Eragrostis spectabilis | Purple Lovegrass, Purple Love Grass, Purple Plains Lovegrass, Tumblegrass, Petticoat Climber | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Sun | Moist |
Eriochloa sericea | Texas Cupgrass | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Sun | Dry |
Eriogonum annuum | Annual Buckwheat, Annual Wild Buckwheat, Umbrella Plant | Annual | Herb | Sun | Dry |
Eriogonum multiflorum | Wild Buckwheat, Heart-sepal Buckwheat, Heart-sepal Wild Buckwheat | Annual | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Eryngium leavenworthii | Leavenworth's Eryngo, Eryngo, False Purple Thistle | Annual | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Moist |
Eryngium yuccifolium | Rattlesnake Master, Button Eryngo, Button Snakeroot, Beargrass, Bear's Grass | Perennial | Herb | Sun | Moist |
Erythrina herbacea | Coralbean, Cherokee Bean, Red Cardinal | Perennial | Shrub | Sun, Part-shade | Dry |
Eupatorium serotinum | White Boneset, Lateflowering Thoroughwort, Late Boneset, Late-flowering Boneset | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Moist |
Euphorbia cyathophora | Wild Poinsettia, Poinsettia, Fire On The Mountain | Annual | Herb | Sun | Moist |
Euphorbia marginata | Snow On The Mountain, Snow-on-the-mountain | Annual | Herb | Part-shade | Moist |
Fraxinus americana | White Ash, American Ash, Cane Ash, Smallseed White Ash, Biltmore White Ash, Biltmore Ash | Perennial | Tree | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Fraxinus pennsylvanica | Green Ash, Red Ash, Swamp Ash, River Ash, Water Ash, Darlington Ash | Perennial | Tree | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Wet, Moist, Dry |
Gaillardia pulchella | Indian Blanket, Firewheel, Girasol Rojo | Annual | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Dry |
Gaillardia suavis | Pincushion Daisy, Fragrant Gaillardia, Rayless Gaillardia, Perfumeballs | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Geum canadense | White Avens | Perennial | Herb | Shade, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Glandularia bipinnatifida var. bipinnatifida | Prairie Verbena, Purple Prairie Verbena, Dakota Mock Vervain, Dakota Vervain | Annual, Perennial | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Dry |
Glandularia canadensis | Rose Vervain, Sweet William, Rose Mock Vervain | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Moist |
Gleditsia triacanthos | Honey Locust, Common Honey Locust, Thorny Common Honey Locust, Honey Shucks Locust, Sweet Locust, Thorny Locust, Honey Shucks, Sweet Bean Tree | Perennial | Tree | Part-shade | Moist |
Guaiacum angustifolium | Texas Lignum-vitae, Soapbush, Guayacan | Perennial | Tree | Part-shade | Dry |
Halesia diptera | Two-wing Silverbell, Two-winged Silverbell, Silverbell, American Snowdrop Tree, Snowdrop Tree, Snowbell, Cowlicks | Perennial | Shrub, Tree | Part-shade | Dry |
Hamamelis virginiana | Witch-hazel, American Witch-hazel, Common Witch-hazel, Winterbloom, Snapping Hazelnut, Striped Alder, Spotted Alder, Tobacco-wood, Water-witch | Perennial | Tree | Shade, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Havardia pallens | Tenaza, Huajillo, Ape's Ear-ring | Perennial | Tree | Part-shade | Dry |
Helenium amarum | Yellow Sneezeweed, Bitterweed, Yellow Bitterweed, Yellowdicks, Slender-leaved Sneezeweed, Fine-leaved Sneezweed, Yellow Dog-fennel | Annual | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Helianthus angustifolius | Swamp Sunflower, Narrowleaf Sunflower, Narrow-leaved Sunflower | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Wet |
Helianthus maximiliani | Maximilian Sunflower, Max Sunflower | Perennial | Herb | Sun | Moist, Dry |
Heliotropium curassavicum | Salt Heliotrope, Seaside Heliotrope, Quail Plant, Cola De Mico, Cola De Gama | Annual | Herb | Sun | Dry |
Heliotropium tenellum | Pasture Heliotrope, White Heliotrope | Annual | Herb | Sun | Dry |
Herbertia lahue | Prairie Nymph, Herbertia | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Heteropogon contortus | Tanglehead | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Sun | Dry |
Hibiscus coccineus | Scarlet Rosemallow, Crimson Rosemallow, Wild Red Mallow, Texas Star Hibiscus | Perennial | Herb | Sun | Wet |
Hibiscus laevis | Halberdleaf Rosemallow, Halberdleaf Hibiscus, Scarlet Rose Mallow, Halberd-leaved Hibiscus, Halberd-leaved Rose-mallow | Perennial | Shrub | Sun, Part-shade | Moist |
Hydrangea quercifolia | Oakleaf Hydrangea, Oak-leaf Hydrangea | Perennial | Shrub | Shade | Moist |
Hydrolea ovata | Blue Waterleaf, Ovate False Fiddleleaf, Hairy Hydrolea | Perennial | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Wet, Moist |
Hymenocallis liriosme | Texas Spiderlily, Spring Spiderlily, Spiderlily, Louisiana Spiderlily, Western Marsh Spiderlily | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Moist |
Hymenopappus artemisiifolius | Oldplainsman, Woolly-white, Old Plainsman | Biennial | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Ibervillea lindheimeri | Balsam Gourd, Lindheimer's Globeberry, Globe Berry, Snake-apple, Balsam-apple | Perennial | Vine | Sun | Moist |
Ilex decidua | Possumhaw, Possumhaw Holly, Deciduous Holly, Meadow Holly, Prairie Holly, Swamp Holly, Welk Holly, Deciduous Yaupon, Bearberry, Winterberry | Perennial | Shrub | Sun, Part-shade | Moist |
Ilex opaca | American Holly, White Holly, Prickly Holly, Evergreen Holly, Christmas Holly, Yule Holly | Perennial | Tree | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Wet, Dry |
Ilex verticillata | Common Winterberry, Winterberry, Michigan Holly, Black Alder | Perennial | Tree | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Wet, Moist, Dry |
Ilex vomitoria | Yaupon, Yaupon Holly, Cassina | Perennial | Shrub, Tree | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Ipomoea imperati | Beach Morning-glory, Beach Morning Glory | Perennial | Vine | ||
Ipomopsis rubra | Standing Cypress, Texas Plume, Red Texas Star, Red Gilia | Biennial | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Dry |
Juglans nigra | Black Walnut, Eastern Black Walnut, American Black Walnut | Perennial | Tree | Sun, Part-shade | Moist |
Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola | Southern Red Cedar, Southern Redcedar, Sand Cedar, Coast Juniper | Perennial | Tree | Part-shade | Moist |
Justicia americana | American Water-willow, Water-willow | Perennial | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Wet, Moist |
Justicia pilosella | Hairy Tube-tongue, Gregg's Tube-tongue, False Honeysuckle | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Kosteletzkya virginica | Virginia Saltmarsh Mallow, Virginia Fen-rose, Saltmarsh Mallow, Seashore Mallow | Perennial | Subshrub | Sun | Moist |
Liatris elegans | Pink-scale Blazing Star, Pink-scale Gayfeather, Pink-scale Liatris | Perennial | Herb | Sun | Dry |
Liatris pycnostachya | Prairie Blazing Star, Prairie Gayfeather, Prairie Liatris, Kansas Blazing Star, Kansas Gayfeather, Kansas Liatris, Cat-tail Blazing Star, Cat-tail Gayfeather, Cat-tail Liatris, Hairy Button-snakeroot | Perennial | Herb | Sun | Moist, Dry |
Lindera benzoin | Northern Spicebush, Spicebush, Wild Allspice | Perennial | Shrub | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Wet, Moist, Dry |
Lindheimera texana | Texas Yellowstar, Texas Star, Texas Yellow-star, Lindheimer Daisy | Annual | Herb | Sun | Dry |
Linum berlandieri var. berlandieri | Berlandier's Yellow Flax, Yellow Flax, Stiff-stem Flax | Annual | Herb | Sun | Dry |
Lippia alba | Bushy Lippia | Perennial | Shrub | Part-shade | Moist |
Liquidambar styraciflua | Sweetgum, American Sweetgum, Red Gum, White Gum, Star-leaved Gum, Starleaf Gum, Alligator Tree, Satin Walnut, Bilsted, Liquidambar | Perennial | Tree | Part-shade | Moist |
Lithospermum incisum | Fringed Puccoon, Golden Puccoon, Narrowleaf Puccoon, Narrow-leaved Puccoon, Puccoon, Narrowleaf Gromwell, Fringed Gromwell, Narrowleaf Stoneseed | Perennial | Herb | Sun | Dry |
Lobelia cardinalis | Cardinal Flower | Perennial | Herb | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Wet, Moist |
Lonicera sempervirens | Coral Honeysuckle, Trumpet Honeysuckle, Woodbine | Perennial | Vine | Sun, Part-shade | Moist |
Lycium berlandieri | Berlandier's Wolfberry, Wolfberry | Perennial | Shrub | Sun, Part-shade | Dry |
Lycium carolinianum | Carolina Wolfberry, Carolina Desert-thorn, Creeping Wolfberry, Christmas Berry | Perennial | Shrub | Sun, Part-shade | Moist |
Maclura pomifera | Osage Orange, Bois d' Arc, Bodark, Horse Apple, Hedge Apple, Bowwood, Yellowwood, Naranjo Chino, Monkey Brains | Perennial | Tree | Sun | Dry |
Magnolia grandiflora | Southern Magnolia, Evergreen Magnolia, Loblolly Magnolia, Great Laurel Magnolia, Big Laurel, Bull Bay | Perennial | Tree | Part-shade | Dry |
Malpighia glabra | Barbados Cherry, Wild Crapemyrtle, Acerola, Manzanita | Perennial | Shrub | Part-shade | Dry |
Manfreda variegata | Mottled Tuberose, Huaco, Texas Tuberose | Perennial | Cactus/Succulent | Part-shade | Dry |
Marshallia caespitosa | Barbara's-buttons, Puffballs, White Barbara's-buttons, Barbara's Buttons | Perennial | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Dry |
Marsilea macropoda | Bigfoot Water-clover, Water-clover, Clover-fern, Largefoot Pepperwort | Perennial | Herb, Fern | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Wet |
Maurandella antirrhiniflora | Snapdragon Vine , Roving Sailor, Climbing Snapdragon, Little Snapdragon Vine | Perennial | Vine | Part-shade | Dry |
Mitchella repens | Partridgeberry, Twinberry, Running Box, Pigeon Plum | Perennial | Herb | Shade, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Monarda citriodora | Lemon Beebalm, Purple Horsemint, Lemon Mint, Plains Horsemint, Lemon Horsemint, Horsemint, Purple Lemon Mint | Annual | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Dry |
Morus rubra | Red Mulberry, Moral | Perennial | Tree | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Nekemias arborea | Peppervine | Perennial | Shrub, Vine | Sun, Part-shade | Moist |
Nelumbo lutea | American Lotus, Yellow Water Lotus, Yellow Lotus | Perennial | Herb | Sun | Wet |
Nemophila phacelioides | Texas Baby Blue Eyes, Large-flower Baby-blue-eyes, Baby Blue-eyes, Flannel Breeches | Annual | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Nuphar lutea | Yellow Pond Lily, Yellow Cow Lily, Cow Lily, Spatter Dock, Wakas | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Wet |
Nuphar lutea ssp. advena | Common Spatterdock, Spatterdock, Yellow Cow-lily, Cow-lily, Yellow Pond-lily, Brandy-bottle | Perennial | Herb | Sun | Wet |
Nuttallanthus texanus | Texas Toadflax, Texas Toad-flax, Toadflax | Annual | Herb | Sun | Moist |
Nymphaea odorata | American White Water-lily, Fragrant White Water-lily, Fragrant Water-lily, White Water-lily, Sweet-scented White Water-lily, Sweet-scented Water-lily, Beaver Root | Perennial | Herb | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Wet |
Nymphoides aquatica | Big Floatingheart, Floating Hearts | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Wet |
Oenothera lindheimeri | White Gaura, Butterfly Gaura, Lindheimer's Beeblossom, Lindheimer's Gaura | Perennial | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Moist |
Oenothera speciosa | Pink Evening Primrose, Showy Evening Primrose, Mexican Evening Primrose, Showy Primrose, Pink Ladies, Buttercups, Pink Buttercups | Perennial | Herb | Sun | Moist, Dry |
Onoclea sensibilis | Sensitive Fern, Bead Fern, Sympathy Fern | Perennial | Herb, Fern | Shade, Part-shade | Wet, Moist |
Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii | Cactus Apple, Prickly Pear | Perennial | Cactus/Succulent | Sun | Dry |
Opuntia macrorhiza | Bigroot Prickly Pear, Twist-spine Prickly Pear, Common Prickly Pear, Plains Prickly Pear | Perennial | Cactus/Succulent | Sun | Dry |
Osmunda cinnamomea | Cinnamon Fern | Perennial | Herb, Fern | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Wet, Moist |
Osmunda regalis | Royal Fern | Perennial | Herb, Fern | Shade, Part-shade | Wet, Moist |
Oxalis stricta | Common Yellow Oxalis, Yellow Wood-sorrel, Upright Yellow Wood-sorrel, Yellow Woodsorrel | Perennial | Herb | Sun | Dry |
Palafoxia callosa | Small Palafox, Small Palafoxia | Annual | Herb | Sun | Dry |
Palafoxia hookeriana | Sand Palafox, Showy Palafox, Hooker Palafoxia, Sand Palafoxia, Hooker's Palafoxia | Annual | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Dry |
Palafoxia rosea | Rosy Palafox, Rose Palafoxia | Annual | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Palafoxia sphacelata | Othake, Sand Palafoxia | Annual | Herb | Dry | |
Panicum virgatum | Switchgrass, Wand Panic Grass | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Sun, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Pappophorum bicolor | Pink Pappasgrass, Pink Pappusgrass | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Part-shade | Moist |
Parkinsonia aculeata | Retama, Paloverde, Mexican Paloverde, Jerusalem Thorn, Horsebean, Lluvia De Oro | Perennial | Tree | Sun | Moist, Dry |
Parthenocissus quinquefolia | Virginia Creeper | Perennial | Vine | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Moist |
Paspalum floridanum | Florida Paspalum | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Part-shade | Moist |
Paspalum monostachyum | Gulfdune Paspalum | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Sun | Dry |
Passiflora foetida | Corona De Cristo, Fetid Passionflower | Perennial | Vine | Sun, Part-shade | Dry |
Passiflora incarnata | Maypop, Purple Passionflower, Purple Passion Vine, Apricot Vine | Perennial | Vine | Sun, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Passiflora lutea | Yellow Passionflower, Yellow Passion Vine, Yellow Passion-flower | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Moist |
Peltandra virginica | Tuckahoe, Green Arrow Arum, Arrow Arum, Green Arum | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Wet |
Penstemon cobaea | Prairie Penstemon, Prairie Beardtongue, Foxglove Penstemon, Foxglove Beardtongue, False Foxglove, Large-flowered Penstemon, Large-flowered Beardtongue, Cobaea Penstemon, Cobaea Beardtongue, Wild Foxglove | Perennial | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Dry |
Penstemon tenuis | Brazos Penstemon, Brazos Beardtongue, Gulf Penstemon, Gulf Beardtongue, Gulf Coast Penstemon, Gulf Coast Beardtongue, Sharp-sepal Penstemon, Sharp-sepal Beardtongue | Perennial | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Moist |
Phacelia patuliflora | Sand Phacelia, Sand Scorpionweed, Blue Phacelia | Annual | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Phlox drummondii | Annual Phlox, Drummond Phlox, Pride-of-Texas, Texas Pride | Annual | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Dry |
Phlox drummondii ssp. mcallisteri | Mcallister's Phlox, Drummond Phlox | Annual | Herb | ||
Phlox glabriflora | Rio Grande Phlox | Annual | Herb | ||
Phlox pilosa | Downy Phlox, Prairie Phlox, Fragrant Phlox | Perennial | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Dry |
Phlox pilosa ssp. pilosa | Downy Phlox, Prairie Phlox, Fragrant Phlox | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Phlox roemeriana | Goldeneye Phlox, Golden-eye Phlox | Annual | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Physostegia angustifolia | Narrowleaf False Dragonhead, False Dragon-head | Perennial | Herb | ||
Physostegia intermedia | Spring Obedient Plant, Marsh Obedient Plant, Slender False Dragonhead, Intermediate False Dragonhead | Perennial | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Moist |
Physostegia virginiana ssp. praemorsa | Obedient Plant, Fall Obedient Plant, Lionheart, False Dragonhead | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Moist |
Pinus palustris | Longleaf Pine, Georgia Pine, Longleaf Yellow Pine, Southern Yellow Pine, Longstraw Pine, Hill Pine, Hard Pine, Heart Pine | Perennial | Tree | Sun | Dry |
Platanus occidentalis | American Sycamore, Eastern Sycamore, American Plane Tree, Plane Tree, Buttonwood, Buttonball Tree | Perennial | Tree | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Moist |
Poa arachnifera | Texas Bluegrass, Texas Blue Grass | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Sun, Part-shade | Moist |
Polygala alba | White Milkwort | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Polystichum acrostichoides | Christmas Fern | Perennial | Fern | Shade, Part-shade | Moist |
Pontederia cordata | Pickerelweed, Pickerel Rush | Perennial | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Wet, Moist |
Proboscidea louisianica | Louisiana Devil's-claw, Devil's claw, Ram's-horn, Unicorn Plant, Proboscis Flower | Annual | Herb | Sun | Dry |
Prunus angustifolia | Chickasaw Plum, Sandhill Plum | Perennial | Tree | Sun, Part-shade | Dry |
Prunus gracilis | Oklahoma Plum | Perennial | Shrub | Sun, Part-shade | Dry |
Prunus mexicana | Mexican Plum, Bigtree Plum, Inch Plum | Perennial | Tree | Sun, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Prunus rivularis | River Plum, Creek Plum, Hog Plum | Perennial | Shrub | Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Prunus serotina | Black Cherry, Wild Black Cherry, Rum Cherry | Perennial | Tree | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Ptelea trifoliata | Wafer Ash, Common Hoptree, Hop Tree | Perennial | Tree | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Wet, Moist, Dry |
Pteridium aquilinum var. pseudocaudatum | Bracken Fern, Bracken, Western Bracken Fern, Western Bracken | Perennial | Herb, Fern | Shade, Part-shade | Dry |
Quercus hemisphaerica | Coast Laurel Oak, Darlington Oak, Laurel Oak | Perennial | Tree | Sun | Dry |
Quercus incana | Bluejack Oak, Sandjack Oak, Upland Willow Oak, Cinnamon Oak, Shin Oak, Turkey Oak | Perennial | Shrub, Tree | Part-shade | Dry |
Quercus laurifolia | Laurel Oak, Swamp Laurel Oak, Darlington Oak, Diamond-leaf Oak, Laurel-leaf Oak, Water Oak, Obtusa Oak | Perennial | Tree | Part-shade | |
Quercus macrocarpa | Bur Oak, Burr Oak, Savanna Oak, Overcup Oak, Prairie Oak, Mossy-cup Oak, Mossy-overcup Oak, Blue Oak | Perennial | Tree | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Wet, Moist, Dry |
Quercus marilandica | Blackjack Oak, Barren Oak, Black Oak, Jack Oak | Perennial | Tree | Part-shade | Dry |
Quercus michauxii | Swamp Chestnut Oak, Basket Oak, Cow Oak, Swamp Oak | Perennial | Tree | Part-shade | Moist |
Quercus nigra | Water Oak, Possum Oak, Duck Oak, Punk Oak, Spotted Oak | Perennial | Tree | Part-shade | Wet |
Quercus stellata | Post Oak, Iron Oak, Cross Oak | Perennial | Tree | Part-shade | Dry |
Quercus virginiana | Coastal Live Oak, Southern Live Oak, Virginia Live Oak, Live Oak, Encino | Perennial | Tree | Sun, Part-shade | Moist |
Ranunculus macranthus | Large Buttercup | Perennial | Herb | Sun | Moist |
Ratibida columnifera | Mexican Hat, Red-spike Mexican Hat, Upright Prairie Coneflower, Prairie Coneflower, Long-headed Coneflower, Thimbleflower | Perennial | Herb | Sun | Moist, Dry |
Rhexia mariana | Maryland Meadow Beauty, Pale Meadow Beauty | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Moist |
Rhus aromatica | Fragrant Sumac, Aromatic Sumac, Lemon Sumac, Polecat Bush | Perennial | Shrub | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Rubus trivialis | Southern Dewberry, Dewberry | Perennial | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Rudbeckia hirta | Black-eyed Susan, Common Black-eyed Susan, Brown-eyed Susan, Blackeyed Susan | Annual, Biennial, Perennial | Herb | Sun | Moist, Dry |
Ruellia humilis | Prairie Petunia, Fringeleaf Wild Petunia, Hairy Ruellia, Low Wild Petunia, Low Ruellia, Fringeleaf Ruellia, Fringe-leaf Wild Petunia | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Moist |
Ruellia nudiflora | Violet Ruellia, Common Wild Petunia, Violet Wild Petunia, Wild Petunia, Hierba De La Calentura | Perennial | Herb | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Sabal minor | Dwarf Palmetto, Bush Palmetto, Palmetto | Perennial | Shrub | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Sabatia campestris | Texas Star, Rose Gentian, Meadow Pink, Prairie Rose-gentian, Prairie Sabatia | Annual | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Saccharum giganteum | Sugarcane Plumegrass, Giant Plumegrass | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Sun | Wet, Moist |
Sagittaria latifolia | Broadleaf Arrowhead, Arrowhead, Duckroot, Duck-potato, Wapato | Perennial | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Wet |
Sagittaria platyphylla | Delta Arrowhead | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Wet |
Salvia azurea | Pitcher Sage, Big Blue Sage, Azure Sage, Giant Blue Sage, Blue Sage | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Salvia coccinea | Scarlet Sage, Tropical Sage, Blood Sage, Red Sage, Indian Fire | Annual, Perennial | Herb | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Salvia lyrata | Lyreleaf Sage, Cancer Weed | Perennial | Herb | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Sassafras albidum | Sassafras, White Sassafras, Ague Tree, Cinnamon Wood, Mitten Tree, Saloop, Smelling Stick | Perennial | Tree | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Moist |
Saururus cernuus | Lizard's Tail, Lizard Tail, Breastweed, Water Dragon | Perennial | Herb | Shade, Part-shade | Wet, Moist |
Schizachyrium scoparium | Little Bluestem, Popotillo Azul | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Sun, Part-shade | Dry |
Setaria parviflora | Marsh Bristlegrass, Knotroot Bristlegrass | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Part-shade | Moist |
Setaria vulpiseta | Plains Bristlegrass | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Part-shade | Dry |
Sideroxylon celastrinum | Saffron Plum, Coma Saffron Plum, La Coma, Coma, Milk Buckthorn, Tropical Buckthorn, Downward Plum, Antswood | Perennial | Tree | Part-shade | Dry |
Silphium gracile | Slender Rosinweed | Perennial | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Sisyrinchium langloisii | Roadside Blue-eyed Grass, Dotted Blue-eyed Grass, Southern Blue-eyed Grass | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Sisyrinchium sagittiferum | Spearbract Blue-eyed Grass, Blue-eyed Grass | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Smilax laurifolia | Laurel Greenbriar | Perennial | Vine | Part-shade | Wet |
Solanum elaeagnifolium | Silverleaf Nightshade, Silver-leaf Nightshade, White Horse Nettle, Trompillo, Tomato Weed, Bull Nettle | Perennial | Herb | Sun | Dry |
Solidago altissima | Tall Goldenrod, Late Goldenrod, Canadian Goldenrod, Canada Goldenrod | Perennial | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Moist |
Solidago canadensis | Canada Goldenrod, Canadian Goldenrod, Tall Goldenrod, Giant Goldenrod | Perennial | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Sophora tomentosa | Yellow Necklacepod, Yellow Sophora, Necklace Pod, Tambalisa | Perennial | Shrub | Part-shade | Dry |
Sorghastrum nutans | Indiangrass, Yellow Indiangrass, Indian Grass | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Spartina spartinae | Gulf Cordgrass | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Sun | Wet |
Spigelia marilandica | Woodland Pinkroot, Pinkroot, Indian Pink | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Sporobolus compositus var. compositus | Composite Dropseed, Tall Dropseed | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Sun | Moist |
Sporobolus cryptandrus | Sand Dropseed | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Sun, Part-shade | Dry |
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus | Coralberry, Indian Currant, Buckbrush | Perennial | Shrub | Shade, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Symphyotrichum subulatum | Eastern Annual Saltmarsh Aster, Baby's Breath Aster, Annual Aster, Blackland Aster, Hierba Del Marrano | Annual, Biennial | Herb | Shade, Part-shade | Moist |
Taxodium distichum | Bald Cypress, Baldcypress, Common Bald Cypress, Southern Bald Cypress, Deciduous Cypress, Southern Cypress, Swamp Cypress, Red Cypress, White Cypress, Yellow Cypress, Gulf Cypress, Tidewater Red Cypress | Perennial | Tree | Sun, Part-shade | Moist |
Tephrosia lindheimeri | Lindheimer's Hoarypea, Hoary Pea, Lindheimer Tephrosia | Perennial | Subshrub | Part-shade | Dry |
Tetraneuris scaposa | Four-nerve Daisy, Hymenoxys, Stemmy Four-nerve Daisy, Yellow Daisy, Bitterweed | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Thalia dealbata | Powdery Alligator-flag, Powdery Thalia, Water Canna | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Wet |
Thalictrum dasycarpum | Purple Meadow-rue, Tall Meadow-rue, Meadow Rue | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Wet, Moist |
Thelypteris kunthii | Wood Fern, River Fern, Southern Shield Fern, Kunth's Maiden Fern, Normal Shield Fern | Perennial | Fern | Shade, Part-shade | Moist |
Tradescantia gigantea | Giant Spiderwort | Perennial | Herb | Sun, Part-shade | Moist |
Tradescantia ohiensis | Ohio Spiderwort, Bluejacket | Perennial | Herb | Part-shade | Dry |
Trichloris pluriflora | Multi-flowered False-rhodesgrass, Multiflower False Rhodes Grass, Showy Chloris | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Sun | Moist |
Tridens albescens | White Tridens, White Top | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Part-shade | Moist |
Tridens flavus | Purpletop Tridens, Redtop Tridens, Tall Redtop Tridens, Purpletop, Redtop, Tall Redtop | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Part-shade | Dry |
Triodanis perfoliata | Clasping Venus's Looking-glass | Annual | Herb | Shade | Dry |
Triplasis purpurea | Purple Sandgrass, Purple Triplasis | Annual | Grass/Grass-like | Sun | Dry |
Tripsacum dactyloides | Eastern Gamagrass, Fakahatchee Grass | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Part-shade | Moist |
Typha latifolia | Broadleaf Cattail, Common Cattail | Perennial | Grass/Grass-like | Sun, Part-shade | Wet |
Ulmus alata | Winged Elm, Wahoo Elm, Cork Elm, Witch Elm | Perennial | Tree | Part-shade | Dry |
Ulmus americana | American Elm, White Elm, Soft Elm, Water Elm, Common Elm | Perennial | Tree | Sun, Part-shade | Moist |
Ulmus crassifolia | Cedar Elm, Fall Elm, Basket Elm, Scrub Elm, Lime Elm, Texas Elm, Southern Rock Elm, Olmo | Perennial | Tree | Part-shade | Moist |
Utricularia radiata | Little Floating Bladderwort, Floating Bladderwort | Annual | Herb | Wet | |
Vaccinium arboreum | Farkleberry, Tree Sparkleberry, Sparkleberry, Winter Huckleberry, Huckleberry | Perennial | Tree | Part-shade | Dry |
Vachellia farnesiana | Huisache, Texas Huisache, Sweet Acacia, Perfume Acacia, Mealy Acacia, Mealy Wattle, Cassie | Perennial | Tree | Sun | Dry |
Verbena halei | Texas Vervain, Slender Verbena, Texas Verbena, Slender Vervain | Perennial | Shrub | Sun | Dry |
Verbesina virginica | Frostweed, White Crownbeard, Iceplant, Iceweed, Virginia Crownbeard, Indian Tobacco, Richweed, Squawweed | Biennial, Perennial | Herb | Shade, Part-shade | Moist, Dry |
Vernonia lindheimeri | Woolly Ironweed | Perennial | Herb | Sun | Dry |
Viburnum rufidulum | Rusty Blackhaw Viburnum, Rusty Blackhaw, Southern Blackhaw, Blackhaw, Bluehaw, Downy Viburnum, Southern Nannyberry, Rusty Nannyberry, Nannyberry | Perennial | Tree | Part-shade | Dry |
Viola walteri | Walter's Violet, Prostrate Blue Violet | Perennial | Herb | Shade, Part-shade | Moist |
Vitis cinerea var. helleri | Winter Grape, Heller's Grape, Gray-leaf Grape, Smooth-leaf Grape, Sweet Grape, Spanish Grape | Perennial | Vine | Part-shade | Moist |
Vitis mustangensis | Mustang Grape | Perennial | Vine | Part-shade | Dry |
Wisteria frutescens | American Wisteria, Texas Wisteria, Kentucky Wisteria | Perennial | Vine | Sun, Shade, Part-shade | Moist |
Woodwardia areolata | Netted Chainfern, Chain Fern, Netted Chain Fern | Perennial | Fern | Shade, Part-shade | Wet, Moist |
Woodwardia virginica | Virginia Chainfern, Virginia Chain Fern | Perennial | Herb, Fern | Part-shade | Wet, Moist |
Xylosma flexuosa | Brush Holly, Brushholly | Perennial | Shrub | Part-shade | Moist |
Zanthoxylum clava-herculis | Hercules Club, Pepperbark, Toothache Tree, Tickle Tongue, Prickly Ash | Perennial | Tree | Sun | Dry |
Zanthoxylum fagara | Lime Prickly Ash, Colima | Perennial | Tree | Part-shade | Dry |