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Special Collections

Gulf Marshes and Prairies

The Gulf Marshes, covering approximately 500,000 acres, are on a narrow strip of lowlands adjacent to the coast and the barrier islands (e.g., Padre Island), which extend from Mexico to Louisiana. The Gulf Prairies, about 9 million acres, include the nearly flat plain extending 30 to 80 miles inland from the Gulf Marshes. The Gulf Marshes are a low, wet, marshy coastal area, commonly covered with saline water, and range from sea level to a few feet in elevation. The Gulf Prairies are nearly level and virtually undissected plains having slow surface drainage and elevations from sea level to 250 feet. Soils of the Gulf Marshes are dark, poorly drained sandy loams and clays, and light neutral sands, typically showing little textural change with depth. The loamy and clayey soils are commonly saline and sodic. Prairie soils are dark, neutral to slightly acid clay loams and clays in the northeastern parts. Further south in the subhumid Coastal Bend, the soils are less acidic. A narrow band of light acid sands and darker loamy to clayey soils stretches along the coast. Inland from the dark clayey soils is a narrow belt of lighter acid fine sandy loam soils with gray to brown, and red mottled subsoils. Soils of the river bottomlands and broad deltaic plains are reddish brown to dark gray, slightly acid to calcareous, loamy to clayey alluvial.

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scientific namecommon name(s)image gallery
Triplasis purpureaPurple Sandgrass
Purple Triplasis
Typha latifoliaBroadleaf Cattail
Common Cattail
Ulmus alataWinged Elm
Wahoo Elm
Cork Elm
Witch Elm
Ulmus americanaAmerican Elm
White Elm
Soft Elm
Water Elm
Common Elm
Ulmus crassifoliaCedar Elm
Fall Elm
Basket Elm
Scrub Elm
Lime Elm
Texas Elm
Southern Rock Elm
Olmo
Utricularia radiataLittle Floating Bladderwort
Floating Bladderwort
Vaccinium arboreumFarkleberry
Tree Sparkleberry
Sparkleberry
Winter Huckleberry
Huckleberry
Vachellia farnesianaHuisache
Texas Huisache
Sweet Acacia
Perfume Acacia
Mealy Acacia
Mealy Wattle
Cassie
Verbena haleiTexas Vervain
Slender Verbena
Texas Verbena
Slender Vervain
Vernonia lindheimeriWoolly Ironweed
scientific namecommon name(s)image gallery

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General Appearance

Lifespan

Light requirement
 Sun - 6 or more hrs
 Part shade - 2 to 6 hrs
 Shade - 2 hrs or less

Soil moisture
 Dry - no signs of moisture
 Moist - looks & feels damp
 Wet - saturated

Bloom Time
 Jan  Feb  Mar
 Apr  May  Jun
 Jul  Aug  Sep
 Oct  Nov  Dec
Bloom Color
 White  Red  Pink
 Orange  Yellow  Green
 Blue  Purple  Violet
 Brown  Black

Leaf Arrangement
 Alternate
 Opposite
 Whorled
 Fascicled

Leaf Retention
 Deciduous
 Evergreen
 Semi-evergreen