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Special Collections

Cross Timbers and Prairies

The Cross Timbers and Prairies area in North Central Texas includes the Cross Timbers, Grand Prairie, and North Central Prairies land resource areas. This area represents the southern extension of the Central Lowlands and the western extreme of the Coastal Plains. The wide variances in geologic formations bring about sharp contrasts in topography, soils, and vegetation. Upland soils of both the East and West Cross Timbers are light, slightly acid loamy sands and sandy loams with yellowish brown to red clayey subsoils. Bottomland soils have small, dark, neutral to calcareous clayey areas, and loamy alluvial soils occur along the minor streams. Upland soils are dark, deep to shallow, and stony calcareous clays with subsoils of lighter, limy earths and limestone fragments. Bottomland soils are reddish brown, loamy to clayey calcareous alluvial. The North Central Prairies are interspersed with rapidly drained sandstone and shaley ridges and hills occupied by scrub live oak, juniper, and mesquite. Uplands are brown, sandy loam to silt loam, slightly acid soils over red to gray, neutral to alkaline clayey subsoils. Bottomland soils are brown to dark gray, loamy and clayey, neutral to calcareous, and alluvial.

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scientific namecommon name(s)image gallery
Rhus aromaticaFragrant Sumac
Aromatic Sumac
Lemon Sumac
Polecat Bush
Rhus glabraSmooth Sumac
Rhus lanceolataPrairie Flameleaf Sumac
Flameleaf Sumac
Prairie Sumac
Lance-leaf Sumac
Lance-leaved Sumac
Texas Sumac
Tree Sumac
Limestone Sumac
Prairie Shining Sumac
Rhus microphyllaLittleleaf Sumac
Desert Sumac
Correosa
Agritos
Rivina humilisPigeonberry
Rouge Plant
Baby-peppers
Bloodberry
Rudbeckia hirtaBlack-eyed Susan
Common Black-eyed Susan
Brown-eyed Susan
Blackeyed Susan
Ruellia humilisPrairie Petunia
Fringeleaf Wild Petunia
Hairy Ruellia
Low Wild Petunia
Low Ruellia
Fringeleaf Ruellia
Fringe-leaf Wild Petunia
Ruellia nudifloraViolet Ruellia
Common Wild Petunia
Violet Wild Petunia
Wild Petunia
Hierba De La Calentura
Rubus trivialisSouthern Dewberry
Dewberry
Sassafras albidumSassafras
White Sassafras
Ague Tree
Cinnamon Wood
Mitten Tree
Saloop
Smelling Stick
Salvia azureaPitcher Sage
Big Blue Sage
Azure Sage
Giant Blue Sage
Blue Sage
Sabatia campestrisTexas Star
Rose Gentian
Meadow Pink
Prairie Rose-gentian
Prairie Sabatia
Salvia engelmanniiEngelmann's Sage
Engelmann's Salvia
Salvia farinaceaMealy Blue Sage
Mealy Sage
Mealycup Sage
Salvia greggiiAutumn Sage
Cherry Sage
Gregg Salvia
Sagittaria latifoliaBroadleaf Arrowhead
Arrowhead
Duckroot
Duck-potato
Wapato
Salvia lyrataLyreleaf Sage
Cancer Weed
Sagittaria platyphyllaDelta Arrowhead
Salvia roemerianaCedar Sage
Salvia texanaTexas Sage
Blue Sage
Scutellaria resinosaSticky Skullcap
Shrubby Skullcap
Resin-dot Skullcap
Resinous Skullcap
Schizachyrium scopariumLittle Bluestem
Popotillo Azul
Senegalia greggiiGregg Acacia
Gregg's Acacia
Gregg Catclaw Acacia
Gregg's Catclaw Acacia
Gregg Catclaw
Gregg's Catclaw
Texas Catclaw Acacia
Texas Catclaw
Long-flowered Catclaw Acacia
Longflower Catclaw Acacia
Long-flowered Catclaw
Longflower Catclaw
Catclaw Acacia
Catclaw
Devil's Claw
Uņa De Gato
Setaria parvifloraMarsh Bristlegrass
Knotroot Bristlegrass
Senegalia wrightiiWright Acacia
Wright's Acacia
Catclaw Acacia
Catclaw
Silphium albiflorumWhite Rosinweed
White-flowered Rosinweed
Compass Plant
Sisyrinchium langloisiiRoadside Blue-eyed Grass
Dotted Blue-eyed Grass
Southern Blue-eyed Grass
Sisyrinchium sagittiferumSpearbract Blue-eyed Grass
Blue-eyed Grass
Solidago altissimaTall Goldenrod
Late Goldenrod
Canadian Goldenrod
Canada Goldenrod
Solidago canadensisCanada Goldenrod
Canadian Goldenrod
Tall Goldenrod
Giant Goldenrod
Solanum elaeagnifoliumSilverleaf Nightshade
Silver-leaf Nightshade
White Horse Nettle
Trompillo
Tomato Weed
Bull Nettle
Sorghastrum nutansIndiangrass
Yellow Indiangrass
Indian Grass
Sophora secundifloraTexas Mountain Laurel
Mountain Laurel
Mescal Bean
Mescal Bean Sophora
Frijolillo
Frijolito
Sphaeralcea angustifoliaNarrowleaf Globemallow
Copper Globemallow
Copper Mallow
Sporobolus compositus var. compositusComposite Dropseed
Tall Dropseed
Sporobolus cryptandrusSand Dropseed
Styphnolobium affineEve's Necklace
Eve's Necklacepod
Texas Sophora
Pink Sophora
Necklace Tree
Symphyotrichum subulatumEastern Annual Saltmarsh Aster
Baby's Breath Aster
Annual Aster
Blackland Aster
Hierba Del Marrano
Tetraneuris scaposaFour-nerve Daisy
Hymenoxys
Stemmy Four-nerve Daisy
Yellow Daisy
Bitterweed
Thelesperma filifolium var. filifoliumStiff Greenthread
Showy Navajo Tea
Greenthread
Tridens albescensWhite Tridens
White Top
Tripsacum dactyloidesEastern Gamagrass
Fakahatchee Grass
Tridens flavusPurpletop Tridens
Redtop Tridens
Tall Redtop Tridens
Purpletop
Redtop
Tall Redtop
Tradescantia giganteaGiant Spiderwort
Tridens muticus var. elongatusSlim Tridens
Tradescantia occidentalisPrairie Spiderwort
Western Spiderwort
Spiderwort
Tradescantia ohiensisOhio Spiderwort
Bluejacket
Triodanis perfoliataClasping Venus's Looking-glass
Triplasis purpureaPurple Sandgrass
Purple Triplasis
Ulmus alataWinged Elm
Wahoo Elm
Cork Elm
Witch Elm
Ulmus americanaAmerican Elm
White Elm
Soft Elm
Water Elm
Common Elm
Ulmus crassifoliaCedar Elm
Fall Elm
Basket Elm
Scrub Elm
Lime Elm
Texas Elm
Southern Rock Elm
Olmo
Ungnadia speciosaMexican Buckeye
Monilla
Vachellia farnesianaHuisache
Texas Huisache
Sweet Acacia
Perfume Acacia
Mealy Acacia
Mealy Wattle
Cassie
Verbena haleiTexas Vervain
Slender Verbena
Texas Verbena
Slender Vervain
Vernonia lindheimeriWoolly Ironweed
Verbesina virginicaFrostweed
White Crownbeard
Iceplant
Iceweed
Virginia Crownbeard
Indian Tobacco
Richweed
Squawweed
Vitis cinerea var. helleriWinter Grape
Heller's Grape
Gray-leaf Grape
Smooth-leaf Grape
Sweet Grape
Spanish Grape
Viguiera dentataPlateau Goldeneye
Sunflower Goldeneye
Toothleaf Goldeneye
Chimalacate
Golden-eye
Vitis mustangensisMustang Grape
Viburnum rufidulumRusty Blackhaw Viburnum
Rusty Blackhaw
Southern Blackhaw
Blackhaw
Bluehaw
Downy Viburnum
Southern Nannyberry
Rusty Nannyberry
Nannyberry
Woodwardia virginicaVirginia Chainfern
Virginia Chain Fern
Yucca arkansanaArkansas Yucca
Softleaf Yucca
Yucca constrictaBuckley Yucca
Buckley's Yucca
Yucca glauca var. glaucaSoapweed Yucca
Narrow-leaf Yucca
Yucca treculeanaSpanish Dagger
Spanish Bayonet
Don Quixote's Lance
Palma Pita
Palma De Datil
Palmito
Zanthoxylum clava-herculisHercules Club
Pepperbark
Toothache Tree
Tickle Tongue
Prickly Ash
Ziziphus obtusifoliaLotebush
Lote-bush Condalia
Graythorn
scientific namecommon name(s)image gallery

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General Appearance

Lifespan

Light requirement
 Sun - 6 or more hrs
 Part shade - 2 to 6 hrs
 Shade - 2 hrs or less

Soil moisture
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 Moist - looks & feels damp
 Wet - saturated

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Leaf Retention
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