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Special Collections

Gulf Marshes and Prairies

The Gulf Marshes, covering approximately 500,000 acres, are on a narrow strip of lowlands adjacent to the coast and the barrier islands (e.g., Padre Island), which extend from Mexico to Louisiana. The Gulf Prairies, about 9 million acres, include the nearly flat plain extending 30 to 80 miles inland from the Gulf Marshes. The Gulf Marshes are a low, wet, marshy coastal area, commonly covered with saline water, and range from sea level to a few feet in elevation. The Gulf Prairies are nearly level and virtually undissected plains having slow surface drainage and elevations from sea level to 250 feet. Soils of the Gulf Marshes are dark, poorly drained sandy loams and clays, and light neutral sands, typically showing little textural change with depth. The loamy and clayey soils are commonly saline and sodic. Prairie soils are dark, neutral to slightly acid clay loams and clays in the northeastern parts. Further south in the subhumid Coastal Bend, the soils are less acidic. A narrow band of light acid sands and darker loamy to clayey soils stretches along the coast. Inland from the dark clayey soils is a narrow belt of lighter acid fine sandy loam soils with gray to brown, and red mottled subsoils. Soils of the river bottomlands and broad deltaic plains are reddish brown to dark gray, slightly acid to calcareous, loamy to clayey alluvial.

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scientific namecommon name(s)image gallery
Abronia fragransFragrant Sand-verbena
Snowball Sand Verbena
Sweet Sand-verbena
Prairie Snowball
Sand Verbena
Heart's Delight
Acer floridanumSouthern Sugar Maple
Florida Maple
Caddo Maple
Rock Maple
Achillea millefoliumCommon Yarrow
Western Yarrow
Yarrow
Milfoil
Acer negundoBox Elder
Box Elder Maple
Ash-leaved Maple
Ashleaf Maple
Red River Maple
Fresno De Guajuco
Acer rubrum var. drummondiiDrummond's Maple
Drummond Red Maple
Swamp Maple
Adiantum capillus-venerisSouthern Maidenhair Fern
Common Maidenhair Fern
Maidenhair Fern
Venus Hair Fern
Aesculus pavia var. flavescensTexas Yellow Buckeye
Yellow Woolly Buckeye
Pale Buckeye
Plateau Yellow Buckeye
Aesculus pavia var. paviaScarlet Buckeye
Red Buckeye
Southern Buckeye
Firecracker Plant
Allium canadense var. canadenseMeadow Garlic
Wild Onion
Canada Onion
Allium canadense var. mobilenseMeadow Garlic
Wild Onion
Allium coryiYellowflower Onion
Yellow-flowered Onion
Allium drummondiiDrummond's Onion
Wild Garlic
Drummond Wild Onion
Alophia drummondiiPropeller Flower
Purple Pleat-leaf
Pinewoods Lily
Prairie Iris
Pleatleaf Iris
Aloysia gratissimaWhitebrush
Bee-brush
White-brush
Common Bee-brush
Beebrush
Privet Lippia
Ampelopsis cordataHeartleaf Peppervine
Heart-leaf Ampelopsis
Amorpha fruticosaIndigo Bush
False Indigo Bush
False Indigo
Desert False Indigo
Amsonia illustrisOzark Bluestar
Showy Blue-star
Missouri Blue Star
Swamp Bluestar
Amblyolepis setigeraHuisache Daisy
Butterfly Daisy
Honey Daisy
Amyris texanaTexas Torchwood
Chapotillo
Andropogon gerardiiBig Bluestem
Tall Bluestem
Turkeyfoot
Andropogon glomeratusBushy Bluestem
Brushy Bluestem
Andropogon ternariusSplitbeard Bluestem
Split Bluestem
Andropogon virginicusBroomsedge
Broomsedge Bluestem
Yellowsedge Bluestem
Whiskey Grass
Popotillo Pajon
Aphanostephus skirrhobasisLazy Daisy
Arkansas Lazy Daisy
Arkansas Doze-daisy
Argemone mexicanaMexican Prickly Poppy
Mexican Prickly Poppy
Yellow Prickly Poppy
Aristolochia serpentariaVirginia Snakeroot
Virginia Dutchmanspipe
Aristolochia tomentosaWoolly Dutchman's Pipe
Common Dutchman's Pipe
Asimina parvifloraSmallflower Pawpaw
Small-flower Pawpaw
Dwarf Pawpaw
Asplenium platyneuronEbony Spleenwort
Asimina trilobaPawpaw
Common Pawpaw
Custard Apple
Indian Banana
Wild Banana
Athyrium filix-femina ssp. asplenioidesSouthern Lady Fern
Avicennia germinansBlack Mangrove
Baccharis halimifoliaGroundseltree
Sea-myrtle
Consumptionweed
Eastern Baccharis
Groundsel
Groundsel Bush
Salt Marsh-elder
Salt Bush
Florida Groundsel Bush
Batis maritimaTurtleweed
Seaside Saltwort
Baccharis neglectaFalse Willow
Jara Dulce
Poverty Weed
Roosevelt Weed
Berlandiera pumilaSoft Greeneyes
Bothriochloa barbinodisPinhole Bluestem
Cane Bluestem
Cane Beardgrass
Feather Bluestem
Plains Beardgrass
Bouteloua curtipendulaSideoats Grama
Banderilla
Banderita
Navajita
Bouteloua dactyloidesBuffalograss
Buffalo Grass
Borrichia frutescensBushy Seaside Tansy
Ox-eye Daisy
Sea Daisy
Sea Ox-eye
Bouteloua hirsutaHairy Grama
Bouteloua rigidisetaTexas Grama
Calylophus berlandieri ssp. pinifoliusBerlandier's Sundrops
Square-bud Primrose
Sundrops
Square-bud Day-primrose
Castela erecta ssp. texanaTexan Goatbush
Goat-bush
Allthorn Goatbush
Amargoso
Calylophus hartwegiiHartweg's Sundrops
Western Primrose
Carya illinoinensisPecan
Castilleja indivisaTexas Indian Paintbrush
Entireleaf Indian Paintbrush
Texas Paintbrush
Indian Paintbrush
Scarlet Paintbrush
Callirhoe involucrataWinecup
Purple Poppy Mallow
Callisia micranthaCherisse
Little-flower Roseling
Southern Coastal Roseling
Little-flower Spiderwort
Carya ovataShagbark Hickory
Carolina Hickory
Scalybark Hickory
Upland Hickory
Shellbark Hickory
scientific namecommon name(s)image gallery

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General Appearance

Lifespan

Light requirement
 Sun - 6 or more hrs
 Part shade - 2 to 6 hrs
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