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| scientific name | common name(s) | image gallery |
| Ranunculus macranthus | Large buttercup | |
| Rhus aromatica | Fragrant sumac Aromatic sumac Lemon sumac Polecat bush | |
| Rhus glabra | Smooth sumac | |
| Rhus lanceolata | Prairie flameleaf sumac Flame-leaf sumac Prairie sumac Lance-leaf sumac | |
| Rhus microphylla | Littleleaf sumac Desert sumac Correosa Agritos | |
| Rhus virens | Evergreen sumac Tobacco sumac | |
| Rivina humilis | Pigeonberry Rouge plant Baby peppers | |
| Ruellia drummondiana | Drummond's ruellia Drummond's wild petunia | |
| Rudbeckia hirta | Black-eyed Susan Common black-eyed Susan Brown-eyed Susan | |
| Ruellia humilis | Fringeleaf wild petunia Hairy ruellia Low wild Petunia Low ruellia | |
| Ruellia nudiflora | Violet ruellia Common wild petunia Violet wild petunia Wild petunia | |
| Rubus trivialis | Dewberry Southern dewberry | |
| Salvia azurea | Pitcher sage Big blue sage Azure sage Giant blue sage Blue sage | |
| Salvia ballotiflora | Shrubby blue sage Blue Shrub Sage Mejorana | |
| Sabatia campestris | Texas star Rose gentian Meadow pink Prairie rose-gentian Prairie sabatia | |
| Salvia engelmannii | Engelmann's sage Engelmann’s salvia | |
| Salvia farinacea | Mealy blue sage Mealy sage Mealycup sage | |
| Salvia greggii | Autumn sage Cherry sage Gregg salvia | |
| Sagittaria latifolia | Broadleaf arrowhead Arrowhead Duckroot Duck-potato Wapato | |
| Salvia lycioides | Canyon sage | |
| Sabal minor | Dwarf palmetto Palmetto Bush palmetto | |
| Salvia pentstemonoides | Big red sage Penstemon sage | |
| Sagittaria platyphylla | Delta arrowhead | |
| Salvia roemeriana | Cedar sage | |
| Salvia texana | Texas sage Blue sage | |
| Scleropogon brevifolius | Burrograss | |
| Scutellaria drummondii | Drummond's skullcap | |
| Scutellaria resinosa | Resin-dot skullcap Resinous skullcap Shrubby skullcap Sticky skullcap | |
| Schizachyrium scoparium | Little bluestem | |
| Schoenocaulon texanum | Green Lily Texas feathershank Texas Sabadilla | |
| Senna lindheimeriana | Lindheimer's senna Velvet leaf senna Velvetleaf senna Velvet-leaf wild sensitive-plant Puppy-dog ears | |
| Setaria parviflora | Marsh bristlegrass Knotroot bristlegrass | |
| Senna roemeriana | Twoleaf senna Two leaved senna | |
| Setaria texana | Texas bristlegrass | |
| Silphium albiflorum | White rosinweed White-flowered rosinweed Compass Plant | |
| Sisyrinchium langloisii | Roadside blue-eyed grass Dotted blue-eyed grass Southern blue-eyed grass | |
| Sisyrinchium sagittiferum | Blue-eyed grass Spearbract blue-eyed grass | |
| Solidago altissima | Tall Goldenrod Late goldenrod Canadian goldenrod Canada goldenrod | |
| Solidago canadensis | Canada goldenrod Canadian goldenrod Tall goldenrod Giant goldenrod | |
| Solanum elaeagnifolium | Silverleaf nightshade Silver-leaf nightshade White horse nettle Trompillo Tomato weed | |
| Solidago nemoralis | Gray goldenrod Prairie goldenrod Old field goldenrod | |
| Sorghastrum nutans | Indiangrass Yellow indian grass | |
| Sophora secundiflora | Texas mountain laurel Mountain laurel Mescal bean Mescal bean sophora Frijolillo Frijolito | |
| Sphaeralcea angustifolia | Copper globemallow Copper-mallow Globe mallow | |
| Sporobolus compositus var. compositus | Composite dropseed Tall dropseed | |
| Sporobolus cryptandrus | Sand dropseed | |
| Sporobolus wrightii | Big sacaton Sacaton Alkali sacaton | |
| Styphnolobium affine | Eve’s necklace Eve's necklacepod Texas sophora | |
| Symphyotrichum pratense | Barrens silky aster Meadow Aster | |
| Symphyotrichum subulatum | Baby's breath aster Annual Aster Eastern annual saltmarsh aster Blackland aster Hierba del Marrano | |
| scientific name | common name(s) | image gallery |