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| scientific name | common name(s) | image gallery |
| Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii | Cactus apple Prickly pear | |
| Opuntia macrorhiza | Common prickly-pear Plains prickly pear Prickly Pear Twist-spine prickly-pear Twistspine pricklypear | |
| Oxalis stricta | Common yellow oxalis Yellow Wood-sorrel | |
| Parkinsonia aculeata | Retama Paloverde Mexican Palo Verde Jerusalem thorn Lluvia de Oro | |
| Pappophorum bicolor | Pink pappasgrass Pink pappusgrass | |
| Palafoxia callosa | Small palafox Small palafoxia | |
| Pavonia lasiopetala | Rock rose Rose pavonia Rose mallow Pavonia | |
| Passiflora lutea | Yellow passion vine Yellow passion-flower Yellow passionflower | |
| Parthenocissus quinquefolia | Virginia creeper | |
| Palafoxia rosea | Rosy palafox Rose palafoxia | |
| Palafoxia sphacelata | Othake Sand palafoxia | |
| Panicum virgatum | Switchgrass Wand panic grass | |
| Pectis angustifolia | Limoncillo Lemonscent Crownseed pectis Lemon-scented pectis Lemonscent pectis Lemonweed Chinchweed Fetid marigold | |
| Penstemon baccharifolius | Rock penstemon Cut-Leaf Penstemon Baccharis-leaf beardtongue Beard Tongue | |
| Penstemon cobaea | Wild foxglove Prairie penstemon Foxglove penstemon False foxglove Large-flowered beardtongue Large-flowered penstemon Prairie beardtongue Cobaea penstemon | |
| Penstemon fendleri | Fendler's penstemon Fendler penstemon Purple foxglove | |
| Penstemon guadalupensis | Guadalupe beardtongue White Penstemon | |
| Penstemon triflorus | Hill Country Penstemon Scarlet Penstemon Heller's beardtongue | |
| Physostegia angustifolia | False Dragon-head Narrowleaf false dragonhead | |
| Phacelia congesta | Blue curls Caterpillars Fiddleneck | |
| Phlox drummondii | Annual phlox Phlox Drummond phlox | |
| Phlox drummondii ssp. mcallisteri | McAllister's phlox Drummond phlox | |
| Phlox pilosa ssp. pilosa | Downy phlox Fragrant phlox Prairie Phlox | |
| Phlox roemeriana | Goldeneye phlox Golden-eye Phlox | |
| Philadelphus texensis | Texas mock orange | |
| Pinus remota | Papershell pinyon Remote pinyon pine | |
| Platanus occidentalis | American sycamore Buttonwood Plane-tree Sycamore | |
| Polygala alba | White milkwort | |
| Poa arachnifera | Texas bluegrass Texas blue grass | |
| Pontederia cordata | Pickerelweed Pickerel Weed | |
| Prosopis glandulosa | Honey mesquite | |
| Prunus gracilis | Oklahoma plum | |
| Proboscidea louisianica | Devil's claw Ram's horn Unicorn plant Proboscis flower | |
| Prunus mexicana | Mexican plum Bigtree plum | |
| Prunus munsoniana | Munson plum Wild goose plum | |
| Prunus rivularis | Creek plum Hog plum River plum | |
| Pteridium aquilinum var. pseudocaudatum | Bracken fern Bracken Western bracken fern Western bracken | |
| Ptelea trifoliata | Wafer ash Common hoptree Hop tree | |
| Quercus buckleyi | Texas red oak Buckley oak Spanish oak Spotted Oak Rock Oak | |
| Quercus fusiformis | Escarpment live oak Plateau live oak Texas live oak Scrub live oak Hill country live oak Plateau oak | |
| Quercus grisea | Gray oak Mexican blue oak | |
| Quercus laceyi | Lacey oak Texas blue oak Canyon oak Smoky oak Rock oak | |
| Quincula lobata | Purple groundcherry Chinese lantern | |
| Quercus macrocarpa | Bur oak Burr oak Savannah oak Overcup oak Prairie oak Mossy-cup oak Mossy-overcup oak Blue oak | |
| Quercus marilandica | Blackjack oak Barren oak Black oak Jack oak | |
| Quercus pungens | Pungent oak Sandpaper oak Vasey oak | |
| Quercus sinuata var. breviloba | White shin oak Bigelow oak Scaly-bark oak Limestone Durand oak Shortlobe oak Bastard oak | |
| Quercus stellata | Post oak | |
| Quercus vaseyana | Vasey oak Sandpaper oak | |
| Ratibida columnifera | Mexican hat Prairie coneflower Upright prairie coneflower Red-spike mexican-hat Long-headed coneflower Thimbleflower | |
| Ranunculus macranthus | Large buttercup | |
| Rhus aromatica | Fragrant sumac Aromatic sumac Lemon sumac Polecat bush | |
| Rhus glabra | Smooth sumac | |
| Rhus lanceolata | Prairie flameleaf sumac Flame-leaf sumac Prairie sumac Lance-leaf sumac | |
| Rhus microphylla | Littleleaf sumac Desert sumac Correosa Agritos | |
| Rhus virens | Evergreen sumac Tobacco sumac | |
| Rivina humilis | Pigeonberry Rouge plant Baby peppers | |
| Ruellia drummondiana | Drummond's ruellia Drummond's wild petunia | |
| Rudbeckia hirta | Black-eyed Susan Common black-eyed Susan Brown-eyed Susan | |
| Ruellia humilis | Fringeleaf wild petunia Hairy ruellia Low wild Petunia Low ruellia | |
| Ruellia nudiflora | Violet ruellia Common wild petunia Violet wild petunia Wild petunia | |
| Rubus trivialis | Dewberry Southern dewberry | |
| Salvia azurea | Pitcher sage Big blue sage Azure sage Giant blue sage Blue sage | |
| Salvia ballotiflora | Shrubby blue sage Blue Shrub Sage Mejorana | |
| Sabatia campestris | Texas star Rose gentian Meadow pink Prairie rose-gentian Prairie sabatia | |
| Salvia engelmannii | Engelmann's sage Engelmann’s salvia | |
| Salvia farinacea | Mealy blue sage Mealy sage Mealycup sage | |
| Salvia greggii | Autumn sage Cherry sage Gregg salvia | |
| Sagittaria latifolia | Broadleaf arrowhead Arrowhead Duckroot Duck-potato Wapato | |
| Salvia lycioides | Canyon sage | |
| Sabal minor | Dwarf palmetto Palmetto Bush palmetto | |
| Salvia pentstemonoides | Big red sage Penstemon sage | |
| Sagittaria platyphylla | Delta arrowhead | |
| Salvia roemeriana | Cedar sage | |
| Salvia texana | Texas sage Blue sage | |
| Scleropogon brevifolius | Burrograss | |
| Scutellaria drummondii | Drummond's skullcap | |
| Scutellaria resinosa | Resin-dot skullcap Resinous skullcap Shrubby skullcap Sticky skullcap | |
| Schizachyrium scoparium | Little bluestem | |
| Schoenocaulon texanum | Green Lily Texas feathershank Texas Sabadilla | |
| Senna lindheimeriana | Lindheimer's senna Velvet leaf senna Velvetleaf senna Velvet-leaf wild sensitive-plant Puppy-dog ears | |
| Setaria parviflora | Marsh bristlegrass Knotroot bristlegrass | |
| Senna roemeriana | Twoleaf senna Two leaved senna | |
| Setaria texana | Texas bristlegrass | |
| Silphium albiflorum | White rosinweed White-flowered rosinweed Compass Plant | |
| Sisyrinchium langloisii | Roadside blue-eyed grass Dotted blue-eyed grass Southern blue-eyed grass | |
| Sisyrinchium sagittiferum | Blue-eyed grass Spearbract blue-eyed grass | |
| Solidago altissima | Tall Goldenrod Late goldenrod Canadian goldenrod Canada goldenrod | |
| Solidago canadensis | Canada goldenrod Canadian goldenrod Tall goldenrod Giant goldenrod | |
| Solanum elaeagnifolium | Silverleaf nightshade Silver-leaf nightshade White horse nettle Trompillo Tomato weed | |
| Solidago nemoralis | Gray goldenrod Prairie goldenrod Old field goldenrod | |
| Sorghastrum nutans | Indiangrass Yellow indian grass | |
| Sophora secundiflora | Texas mountain laurel Mountain laurel Mescal bean Mescal bean sophora Frijolillo Frijolito | |
| Sphaeralcea angustifolia | Copper globemallow Copper-mallow Globe mallow | |
| Sporobolus compositus var. compositus | Composite dropseed Tall dropseed | |
| Sporobolus cryptandrus | Sand dropseed | |
| Sporobolus wrightii | Big sacaton Sacaton Alkali sacaton | |
| Styphnolobium affine | Eve’s necklace Eve's necklacepod Texas sophora | |
| Symphyotrichum pratense | Barrens silky aster Meadow Aster | |
| Symphyotrichum subulatum | Baby's breath aster Annual Aster Eastern annual saltmarsh aster Blackland aster Hierba del Marrano | |
| scientific name | common name(s) | image gallery |