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Special Collections

High Plains

The High Plains area is part of the Southern Great Plains. It is separated from the Rolling Plains by the Llano Estacado Escarpment and dissected by the Canadian River Breaks in the northern part. Notable canyons include Tule and Palo Duro along the Caprock. This relatively level plateau contains many shallow siltation depressions, or playa lakes, which sometimes cover as much as 40 acres and contain several feet of water after heavy rains. These depressions support unique patterns of vegetation within their confines.

The upland soils are dark brown to reddish brown, mostly deep, neutral to calcareous clay and clay loams in the north to sandy loams and sands in the south. Caliche is present under many soils at various depths, especially on the Potter series. The original vegetation of the High Plains was variously classified as mixed prairie, shortgrass prairie, and in some locations on deep, sandy soils as tallgrass prairie. Blue grama, buffalograss, and galleta (Hilaria jamesii) are the principal vegetation on the clay and clay loam sites.

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scientific namecommon name(s)image gallery
Populus deltoides ssp. moniliferaPlains Cottonwood
Great Plains Cottonwood
Texas Cottonwood
Northern Cottonwood
Prosopis glandulosaHoney Mesquite
Glandular Mesquite
Algarroba
Prunus virginianaChokecherry
Common Chokecherry
Choke Cherry
Ptelea trifoliataWafer Ash
Common Hoptree
Hop Tree
Quincula lobataPurple Groundcherry
Chinese Lantern
Purple Ground Cherry
Quercus mohrianaMohr Oak
Shin Oak
Scrub Oak
Ratibida columniferaMexican Hat
Red-spike Mexican Hat
Upright Prairie Coneflower
Prairie Coneflower
Long-headed Coneflower
Thimbleflower
Rhus aromaticaFragrant Sumac
Aromatic Sumac
Lemon Sumac
Polecat Bush
Rhus microphyllaLittleleaf Sumac
Desert Sumac
Correosa
Agritos
Rivina humilisPigeonberry
Rouge Plant
Baby-peppers
Bloodberry
Ruellia humilisPrairie Petunia
Fringeleaf Wild Petunia
Hairy Ruellia
Low Wild Petunia
Low Ruellia
Fringeleaf Ruellia
Fringe-leaf Wild Petunia
Salix amygdaloidesPeachleaf Willow
Peach-leaf Willow
Almond-leaf Willow
Almond Willow
Peach Willow
Southwestern Peach Willow
Wright Willow
Wright Peachleaf Willow
Salvia azureaPitcher Sage
Big Blue Sage
Azure Sage
Giant Blue Sage
Blue Sage
Sagittaria latifoliaBroadleaf Arrowhead
Arrowhead
Duckroot
Duck-potato
Wapato
Sagittaria platyphyllaDelta Arrowhead
Salvia texanaTexas Sage
Blue Sage
Scleropogon brevifoliusBurrograss
Schizachyrium scopariumLittle Bluestem
Popotillo Azul
Setaria parvifloraMarsh Bristlegrass
Knotroot Bristlegrass
Sisyrinchium langloisiiRoadside Blue-eyed Grass
Dotted Blue-eyed Grass
Southern Blue-eyed Grass
Sisyrinchium sagittiferumSpearbract Blue-eyed Grass
Blue-eyed Grass
Solidago altissimaTall Goldenrod
Late Goldenrod
Canadian Goldenrod
Canada Goldenrod
Solidago canadensisCanada Goldenrod
Canadian Goldenrod
Tall Goldenrod
Giant Goldenrod
Solanum elaeagnifoliumSilverleaf Nightshade
Silver-leaf Nightshade
White Horse Nettle
Trompillo
Tomato Weed
Bull Nettle
Solidago nemoralisGray Goldenrod
Prairie Goldenrod
Oldfield Goldenrod
Grayleaf Goldenrod
Gray-leaved Goldenrod
Dyersweed Goldenrod
Dwarf Goldenrod
Field Goldenrod
Sorghastrum nutansIndiangrass
Yellow Indiangrass
Indian Grass
Sphaeralcea angustifoliaNarrowleaf Globemallow
Copper Globemallow
Copper Mallow
Sporobolus cryptandrusSand Dropseed
Sporobolus giganteusGiant Dropseed
Symphyotrichum subulatumEastern Annual Saltmarsh Aster
Baby's Breath Aster
Annual Aster
Blackland Aster
Hierba Del Marrano
Teucrium canadenseAmerican Germander
Canada Germander
Canadian Germander
Germander
Hairy Germander
Wood Sage
Teucrium laciniatumLacy Germander
Cut-leaf Germander
Dwarf Germander
Tetraneuris scaposaFour-nerve Daisy
Hymenoxys
Stemmy Four-nerve Daisy
Yellow Daisy
Bitterweed
Thalictrum dasycarpumPurple Meadow-rue
Tall Meadow-rue
Meadow Rue
Tridens albescensWhite Tridens
White Top
Tridens flavusPurpletop Tridens
Redtop Tridens
Tall Redtop Tridens
Purpletop
Redtop
Tall Redtop
Tradescantia giganteaGiant Spiderwort
Tridens muticus var. elongatusSlim Tridens
Tradescantia ohiensisOhio Spiderwort
Bluejacket
Vernonia baldwiniiWestern Ironweed
Baldwin's Ironweed
Ironweed
Verbena haleiTexas Vervain
Slender Verbena
Texas Verbena
Slender Vervain
Vitis arizonicaCanyon Grape
Arizona Grape
Yucca campestrisPlains Yucca
Yucca glauca var. glaucaSoapweed Yucca
Narrow-leaf Yucca
Zinnia grandifloraPlains Zinnia
Rocky Mountain Zinnia
Prairie Zinnia
Little Golden Zinnia
Yellow Zinnia
scientific namecommon name(s)image gallery

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General Appearance

Lifespan

Light requirement
 Sun - 6 or more hrs
 Part shade - 2 to 6 hrs
 Shade - 2 hrs or less

Soil moisture
 Dry - no signs of moisture
 Moist - looks & feels damp
 Wet - saturated

Bloom Time
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 Apr  May  Jun
 Jul  Aug  Sep
 Oct  Nov  Dec
Bloom Color
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 Blue  Purple  Violet
 Brown  Black

Leaf Arrangement
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Leaf Retention
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